Fringillidae
Бужиргынхан
bujirgiŋkhaŋ

General names

This list should be regarded as being 'in beta'. Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Many Kazakh, Turkish, and Korean glosses are highly tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.

In Mongolian the typical name used for the Fringillidae was originally Бужирга bujirag 'bujirag', officially used for many of the Carduelinae. The name Бужирга bujirag belongs to a family of similar-sounding names (all beginning in Б b) that is also used for the sparrows and larks.

Other names for the Fringillidae include:

• Ногоолзой nogoolzoi for the siskin.
• Зана zan for the bullfinch (the same form is used in Buryat).
• Алтан жигүүр altaŋ jigüür 'golden wing' for one green finch and the Mongolian Finch.
• Болжмор boljmor for the grosbeak/hawfinches, but also used for the larks.
• Улаавар шувуу ulaavar shuvuu 'pink bird' for some rosefinches.
• The old standby Бялзуухай byalzuukhai, applied to all kinds of small passerines and conventionally translated as 'finch' on this site, was used for the Fringillinae (Chaffinch and Brambling) and the crossbill.
• The Brambling was also known as Хятран khyatraŋ or Хятран хараацай khyatraŋ kharaatsai ('khyatran swallow').

Regularised names:

This picture was completely changed by the official names of 2007, which rearranged the names thoroughly. The changes can be seen in this table:

The most striking change is the transfer of the name Бужирга bujirag from the Carduelinae to the Fringillinae. So sudden and unexplained is this reversal that one can only suspect that it had no other purpose than to harmonise the genus name (Fringilla) with the family name (Fringillidae).

Another change is the disappearance of the name Болжмор boljmor for the hawfinches and grosbeaks. It is now applied solely to the larks.

These two radical changes entail the introduction of a slew of new names for carduelinid genera. The origins of the new names are not always clear.

• The name Ногоолдой nogooldoi, of which Ногоолзой nogoolzoi is clearly a variation, appears to originally have referred to a greenish-coloured bird or birds of the Sylviidae.
• The rather similar-sounding Бужиранга bujirang, Бужмар bujmar and Булжуухай buljuukhai are not found in dictionaries. All belong to the lark-sparrow-finch complex of similar-sounding names.
• The name Цэгцүүхэй tsegtsüükhei is of unclear meaning. Originally it appears to be related to the wagtails (Цэгцгий tsetsgii).
• Шаршуу sharshuu is from Шаршуу бялзуухай sharshuu byalzuukhai, referring to an otherwise unidentified passerine species.

Species names

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FRINGILLINAE SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN MONGOLIAN EAST ASIAN TURKIC Fringilla                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch Common Chaffinch Зяблик, Обыкновенный зяблик Дуулгат бужирга duulagt bujirag 'steel-helmeted bujirag' Дуулгат ээрүүл бялзуухай duulagt eerüül byalzuukhai 'steel-helmeted spindle finch' 苍头燕雀 (蒼頭燕雀) cāng-tóu yàn-què 'darkblue-headed swallow sparrow' ズアオアトリ (頭青花鶏) zu-ao atori 'blue/green-headed brambling'   Жаурауық jawrawıq 'chaffinch' İspinoz 'finch' Fringilla montifringilla Brambling Юрок, Вьюрок Алаг бужирга alag bujirag 'motley bujirag' Алаг хуухуур бялзуухай alag khuukhuur byalzuukhai 'motley khuukhuur finch' 燕雀 (燕雀) yàn-què 'swallow-sparrow' Taiwan: (花雀) 花雀 huā-què 'flowery sparrow' アトリ (花鶏 ~ 猲子鳥) atori 'brambling' (first characters mean 'flower fowl' - cf. Chinese alternative names; second characters origin unclear) 되새 doe-sae 'doe bird' Құнақ qunaq 'brambling' Dağ İspinozu 'mountain-finch'

CARDUELINAE SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN MONGOLIAN EAST ASIAN TURKIC Carduelis                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Carduelis sinica Chloris sinica Oriental greenfinch Grey-capped greenfinch Greenfinch Chinese greenfinch Китайская зеленушка Нангиад ногоолдой naŋgiad nogooldoi 'sticky ? nogooldoi' Нангиад алтан жигүүр naŋgiad altaŋ jigüür 'sticky ? golden wing' 金翅雀 (金翅雀) jīn-chì-què 'gold-wing sparrow' (1, 2, 3, 4) or 金翅 (金翅) jīn-chì 'gold-wing' (Alternative in 1, 3, 5) Taxonomy 东方金翅 (東方金翅) dōngfāng jīn-chì 'eastern gold-wing' (5) Taiwan (金翅雀) 金翅雀 jīn-chì-què 'gold-wing sparrow' カワラヒワ (河原鶸) kawara hiwa 'river-bed siskin' 방울새 bangul-sae 'bang-ul bird' (bang-ul = 'bell' or 'drop of liquid')     Carduelis spinus Spinus spinus Eurasian siskin Spruce siskin Siskin Чиж,  Обыкновенный чиж Эгэл ногоолзой egel nogoolzoi 'common nogoolzoi' Ногоолзой nogoolzoi 'nogoolzoi' 黄雀 (黃雀) huáng-què 'yellow-sparrow' Taiwan: (黃雀) 黄雀 huáng-què 'yellow-sparrow' マヒワ (真鶸) ma-hiwa 'true siskin' 검은머리방울새 geomeun-meori-bangul-sae 'black-headed bang-ul bird' (bang-ul = 'bell' or 'drop of liquid') Шымшық şımşıq 'finch' Karabaşlı İskete 'black-headed siskin' Carduelis carduelis European goldfinch Eurasian goldfinch Goldfinch Eurasian goldenfinch Щегол, Черногоровый щегол Бор бужиранга bor bujirang 'brown bujirnag' Бор бужирга bor bujirag 'brown bujirag' 红额金翅雀 (紅額金翅雀) hóng-é jīn-chì-què 'red-foreheaded gold-wing sparrow' (1, 2, 3, 4) 红额金翅 (紅額金翅) hóng-é jīn-chì 'red-foreheaded gold-wing' (5. Alternative in 1, 3) ゴシキヒワ (五色鶸) go-shiki hiwa 'five-coloured siskin'   Кәдімгі пайыз kädimgi payız 'true goldfinch' Saka 'goldfinch' Carduelis carduelis caniceps Crowned Goldfinch Himalayan Goldfinch Седоголовый щегол Буурал бужиранга buural bujirang 'roan bujirnag' Буурал бужирга buural bujirag 'roan bujirag' -     Бозбас пайыз boz-bas payız 'dun-headed goldfinch'   Carduelis flammea Acanthis flammea Common redpoll Redpoll Обыкновенная чечетка Дөлөн цэгцүүхэй dölön tsegtsüükhei 'flame tsegtsüükhei' Улаан толгойт бужирга ulaaŋ tolgoit bujirag 'red-headed bujirag' 白腰朱顶雀 (白腰朱頂雀) bái-yāo zhū-dǐng-què 'white-rumped vermilion-capped sparrow' Taiwan: (普通朱顶雀) 普通朱頂雀 pǔtōng zhū-dǐng-què 'common vermilion-capped sparrow' ベニヒワ (紅鶸) beni hiwa 'crimson siskin' 홍방울새 hong-bangul-sae 'red bang-ul bird' (bang-ul = 'bell' or 'drop of liquid') Шекілдек şekildek 'redpoll' Kuzey Ketenkuşu 'northern linen-bird' Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Carduelis hornemanni Acanthis hornemanni Hoary redpoll Arctic redpoll Пепельная чечетка, Тундрянная чечетка, Тундровая чечетка Шунхан цэгцүүхэй shuŋkhan tsegtsüükhei 'lipstick? tsegtsüükhei' Шунхан зулайт бужирга shuŋkhan zulait bujirag 'red-headed bujirag' 极北朱顶雀 (北極朱頂雀) jí běi zhū-dǐng-què 'far north vermilion-capped sparrow' コベニヒワ (小紅鶸) ko beni hiwa 'small crimson siskin' 쇠홍방울새 soe-hong-bangul-sae 'small red bang-ul bird' (bang-ul = 'bell' or 'drop of liquid') Күл шекілдек kül şekildek 'ash redpoll'   Carduelis flavirostris Acanthis flavirostris Twite Горная чечетка, Горная коноплянка Улаан цэгцүүхэй ulaaŋ tsegtsüükhei 'red tsegtsüükhei' Улаан бор бужирга ulaaŋ bor bujirag 'red brown bujirag' 黄嘴朱顶雀 (黃嘴朱頂雀) huáng-zuǐ zhū-dǐng-què 'yellow-billed vermilion-capped sparrow' キバシヒワ (黄嘴鶸) ki-bashi hiwa 'yellow-billed siskin'   Тау шонайнығы taw şonaynığı 'mountain linnet' Sarıgagalı Ketenkuşu 'yellow-billed linen-bird' Carduelis cannabina Acanthis cannabinus Common linnet Eurasian linnet Linnet Коноплянка, Реполов Алтан цэгцүүхэй altaŋ tsegtsüükhei 'golden tsegtsüükhei'   赤胸朱顶雀 (赤胸朱頂雀) chì-xiōng zhū-dǐng-què 'red-breasted vermilion-capped sparrow' ムネアカヒワ (胸赤鶸) mune-aka hiwa 'red-breasted siskin'   Шонайнақ şonaynaq 'linnet' Ketenkuşu 'linen-bird' Leucosticte                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Leucosticte nemoricola Plain mountain finch Hodgson's rosy finch Hodgson's mountain finch Гималайский вьюрок Хималайн зангалай himalaiŋ zaŋgalai 'Himalayan zangalai' Хималайн цахир бужирга himalaiŋ tsakhir bujirag 'Himalayan nail-fleck bujirag' 林岭雀 (林嶺雀) lín lǐng-què 'forest mountain-ridge sparrow' ハイイロマシコ (灰色猿子) hai-iro mashiko 'grey rosefinch'   Аршашыл құнақ arşaşıl qunaq 'juniper-partridge ??? brambling'   Leucosticte brandti Brandt's mountain finch Brandt's rosy finch Жемчужный вьюрок, Горный вьюрок Арцны зангалай artsni zaŋgalai 'juniper zangalai' Цахир бужирга tsakhir bujirag 'nail-fleck bujirag' 高山岭雀 (高山嶺雀) gāo-shān lǐng-què 'high mountain mountain-ridge sparrow' シンジュマシコ (真珠猿子) shinju mashiko 'pearl rosefinch'   Інжурең құнақ ınjwreñ qunaq 'coral brambling'   Leucosticte arctoa Asian rosy finch Rosy mountain finch White-winged mountain finch Сибирский вьюрок, Горный вьюрок Занхгар зангалай zaŋkhgar zaŋgalai 'large-headed zangalai' Бухин дух бужирга bukhiŋ dukh bujirag 'bukhin foreheaded bujirag' 粉红腹岭雀 (粉紅腹嶺雀) fěn-hóng-fù lǐng-què 'pink-bellied mountain-ridge sparrow' ハギマシコ (萩猿子) hagi mashiko 'bush-clover rosefinch' 갈색양진이 gal-saeg-yangjini 'brown-coloured rosefinch' Бұлдыр құнақ buldır qunaq 'faint ??? brambling   Bucanetes                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Bucanetes mongolicus Rhodopechys mongolica Mongolian finch Mongolian trumpeter finch Mongolian desert finch Trumpeter desert finch Монгольский снегирь, Монгольский пустынный снегирь Монгол алтанжигүүр mongol altaŋ-jigüür 'Mongolian gold-wing' Монгол алтан жигүүр mongol altaŋ jigüür 'Mongolian gold-wing' 蒙古沙雀 (蒙古沙雀) měnggǔ shā-què 'Mongolian sand-sparrow' モウコナキマシコ (蒙古鳴き猿子) mōko naki-mashiko 'Mongolian crying-rosefinch'   Моңғол суықторғайы moñğol swıq-torğayı 'Mongolian neighing ? sparrow' Doğu Alameceği 'eastern finch' Uragus                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Uragus sibiricus Long-tailed rosefinch Урагус, Длиннохвостая чечевица, Длиннохвостый снегирь Үүрэн сүүлтзана üüreŋ süült-zan 'üüren tailed bullfinch' Үүрэн сүүлт зана üüreŋ süült zan 'üüren tailed bullfinch' 长尾雀 (長尾雀) cháng-wěi shā-què 'long-tailed sparrow' ベニマシコ (紅猿子) beni mashiko 'crimson rosefinch' 긴꼬리홍양진이 gin-kkori-hong-yangjini 'long-tailed red rosefinch' Кезқұйрық самыр kez-quyrıq samır 'long-tailed samır'   Carpodacus                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Carpodacus erythrinus Common rosefinch Обыкновенная чечевица Улаавар бужмар ulaavar bujmar 'pink bujmar' Улаавар шувуу ulaavar shuvuu 'pink bird' 普通朱雀 (普通朱雀) pǔtōng zhū-què 'common vermilion-sparrow' Taiwan: (普通朱雀) 普通朱雀 pǔtōng zhū-què 'common vermilion-sparrow' アカマシコ (赤猿子) aka mashiko 'red rosefinch' 적원자 jeogwonja 'jeogwonja' Кәдімгі құралай kädigmi quralay 'true rosefinch' Çütre 'rosefinch' Carpodacus pulcherrimus Beautiful rosefinch Серебристая чечвица, Красивая чечвица Бүлхэрээ бужмар bülkheree bujmar 'strong crow ? bujmar' Бүлхэрээ бужирга bülkheree bujirag 'strong crow ? bujirag' 红眉朱雀 (紅眉朱雀) hóng-méi zhū-què 'red-eyebrowed vermilion-sparrow' コウザンマシコ (高山猿子) kōzan mashiko 'high-mountain rosefinch'       Carpodacus roseus Pallas's rosefinch Siberian rosefinch Сибирская чечевица Ягаан бужмар yagaaŋ bujmar 'pink bujmar' Ягаан бужирга yagaaŋ bujirag 'pink bujirag' 北朱雀 (北朱雀) běi zhū-què 'northern vermilion-sparrow' オオマシコ (大猿子) ō mashiko 'large rosefinch' 양진이 yangjini 'rosefinch' Жолаққанат құралай jolaq-qanat quralay 'motley-winged rosefinch'   Carpodacus rhodochlamys Red-mantled rosefinch Арчовая чечевица, Арчевая чечевица, Розовая чечевица, Малая розовая чечевица Арцны бужмар artsni bujmar 'juniper bujmar' Арцны улаавар шувуу artsni ulaavar shuvuu 'juniper pink bird' 红腰朱雀 (紅腰朱雀) hóng-yāo zhū-què 'red-rumped vermilion-sparrow' ヒゴロモマシコ (緋衣猿子) hi-goromo mashiko 'scarlet-robed rosefinch'   Арша құралайы arşa quralayı 'juniper rosefinch'   Carpodacus rubicilla Great rosefinch Caucasian great rosefinch Большая чечевица Улаан бужмар ulaaŋ bujmar 'red bujmar' Улаан бужирга ulaaŋ bujirag 'red bujirag' 大朱雀 (大朱雀) dà zhū-què 'large vermilion-sparrow' シロボシマシコ (白星猿子) shiro-boshi mashiko 'white star rosefinch'   Үлкен құралай ülken quralay 'large rosefinch' Büyük Çütre 'large rosefinch' Pinicola                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Pinicola enucleator Pine grosbeak Pine rosefinch Щур, Обыкновенный щур Нарсны шүршүү narsni shürshüü 'pine shürshüü' Нарсны бужирга narsni bujirag 'pine bujirag' 松雀 (松雀) sōng-què 'pine-sparrow' ギンザンマシコ (銀山猿子) gin-zan mashiko 'silver mountain rosefinch' 솔양진이 soll-yangjini 'pine rosefinch' Орман қызылқұнағы orman qızıl-qunağı 'garden red-brambling'   Loxia                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Loxia leucoptera White-winged crossbill Белокрылый клест Тольт солбинхушуут tol't solbiŋ-khushuut 'pretty cross-billed' Хүрдэг загалмай бялзуухай khürdeg zagalmai byalzuukhai 'khürdeg cross-finch' 白翅交嘴雀 (白翅交嘴雀) bái-chì jiāo-zuǐ-què 'white-winged cross-billed sparrow' ナキイスカ (鳴き交喙 ~ 鳴き鶍) naki-isuka 'crying crossbill' (isuka written 1. 'crossed bill' in Chinese; 2. using a Japanese created character) 흰죽지솔잣새 huin-jukji-soljas-sae 'white-wingjointed crossbill bird Аққанатты қайшауыз aq-qanattı qayşawız 'white-winged ???'   Pyrrhula                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Pyrrhula pyrrhula Eurasian bullfinch Northern bullfinch Common bullfinch Bullfinch Cassin's bullfinch Снегирь, Обыкновенный снэгирь Эгэл зана egel zan 'common bullfinch' Зана zan 'bullfinch' 红腹灰雀 (紅腹灰雀) hóng-fù huī-què 'red-bellied grey-sparrow' ウソ (鷽) uso 'bullfinch' 멋쟁이 meo-t-jaengi 'mountain jaengi Кәдімгі суықторғай kädimgi swıq-torğay 'true cold-sparrow' Şakrakkuşu 'bullfinch bird' Pyrrhula pyrrhula cineracea Baikal Bullfinch Серый снегирь Бор Зана bor zan 'dun bullfinch'   - -   Боз суықторғай boz swıq-torğai 'dun cold-sparrow'   Coccothraustes                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hawfinch Дубонос, Обыкновенный дубонос Банхар булжуухай baŋkhar buljuukhai 'broad-thick buljuukhai' Хөхөлт хөх болжмор khökhölt khökh boljmor 'braided ??? blue lark' 锡嘴雀 (錫嘴雀) xī-zuǐ-què 'tin-billed sparrow' Taiwan: (腊嘴雀) 臘嘴雀 là-zuǐ-què 'cured-meat-billed sparrow' シメ (鴲 ~ 蝋嘴) shime 'hawfinch' (characters: 1. Japanese-made, 2. 'waxbill', Chinese name) 콩새 kong-sae 'bean ? bird' Кәдімгі ементұмсық kädimgi emen-tumsıq 'true oak-bill' Kocabaş 'grosbeak' Eophona                 Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese (incl. Taiwan) Japanese Korean Kazakh Turkish Eophona migratoria Coccothraustes migratorius Yellow-billed grosbeak Black-tailed hawfinch Chinese grosbeak Малый черноголовый дубонос Наран шаршуу naraŋ sharshuu 'Japanese yellow-bill?' Шаршуу болжмор sharshuu boljmor 'yellow-billed? lark' 黑尾蜡嘴雀 (黑尾蠟嘴雀) hēi-wěi là-zuǐ-què 'black-tailed wax-billed sparrow' Taiwan: (小桑鸤) 小桑鳲 xiǎo sāng-shī 'small mulberry shi' コイカル (小桑鳲 ~ 小鵤 ~ 小斑鳩) ko-ikaru 'small grosbeak' (characters for ikaru are 1. from the Chinese; 2. a Japanese-created character; 3. Chinese characters meaning 'pied pigeon') 밀화부리 milhwa-buri 'milhwa bill'

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