Alaudidae / Богширгынхон (Bogshirgynkhon)

General names

This list should be regarded as being 'in beta'. Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Pronunciation still needs fine-tuning. Comments and corrections welcome.

Mongolian has a series of similar-sounding words for larks, with some apparent differentiation in meaning: Болжмор boljmor (the most neutral term), Божрого bojrog (enigmatically referring to buntings (?) and larks with blue feathers), Божирго bojirg (a variant of the above), and Богширго bogshirg. Бялзуумар bilzuumar refers to the sand larks. In addition there is the name Жиргэмэл jirgmel. The term Ажиндар ajindar originally referred to a kind of lark but is now applied to the Marsh Warblers.

Regularised names:

The original official names were based on just two names: Болжмор boljmor and Бялзуумар bilzuumar. This changed in the 2007 official list, which, in an attempt to give each genus a separate name, pressed several alternatives into service. However, in a rather puzzling move, the name Бялзуумар bilzuumar was replaced with Жиргэмэл jirgmel as a name for the genus Calendrella and reassigned to the Treecreeper.

The list below contains several problematic names, including цагаалиг tsagaalig, which appears to mean 'water caltrop' but is more likely associated with the colour white (цагаан tsagaan), харалдай kharaldai, which is related to the colour black (хар khar), and боролзой borolzoi, which is superficially the name of a type of flower but is probably from боролдой boroldoi meaning 'brown'.

Species names

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SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		MONGOLIAN		EAST ASIAN			C. ASIAN
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Former & Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh
Melanocorypha
Melanocorypha mongolica	Mongolian lark Mongolian skylark Монгольский жаворонк	Монгол болжмор Mongol boljmor 'Mongolian lark'	Монгол болжмор Mongol boljmor 'Mongolian lark'	蒙古百灵 Měnggǔ bǎi-líng 'Mongolian hundred-spirit' or 百灵 bǎi-líng 'hundred-spirit' (Alternative in 1, 3)	コウテンシ (告天子) kōtenshi 'kotenshi'
Melanocorypha leucoptera	White-winged lark Белокрылый жаворонк	Цагаалиг болжмор tsagaalig boljmor 'water-caltrop ? lark' (tsagaa more likely refers to 'white')		白翅百灵 bái-chì bǎi-líng 'white-winged hundred-spirit'	ハジロコウテンシ (羽白告天子) ha-jiro kōtenshi 'white-winged kotenshi'		Аққанат бозторғай
Melanocorypha yeltoniensis	Black lark Черный жаворонок	Харалдай болжмор kharaldai boljmor 'kharaldai lark' (khar is probably 'black')	Харалдай болжмор kharaldai boljmor 'kharaldai lark' (khar is probably 'black')	黑百灵 hēi bǎi-líng 'black hundred-spirit'	クロコウテンシ (黒告天子) kuro kōtenshi 'black kotenshi'		Қара бозторғай
Calandrella
Calandrella brachydactyla	Greater short-toed lark Малый жаворонок Note	Талын жиргэмэл talin jirgmel 'steppe lark' Note	Бялзуумар bilzuumar 'bilzuumar'	大短趾百灵 dà duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng 'large short-toed hundred-spirit' (2, 3, 4) 短趾百灵 duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng 'short-toed hundred-spirit' (1, 5. Alternative in 3) Note	ヒメコウテンシ (姫告天子) hime kōtenshi 'princess kotenshi'	쇠종다리 soe-jongdari 'small lark'	Кіші бозторғай Note
Calandrella rufescens	Lesser short-toed lark Серый жаворонок	Орог жиргэмэл orog jirgmel 'brown-grey lark'	Орог бор бялзуумар orog bor bilzuumar 'brown-grey brown bilzuumar'	小短趾百灵 xiǎo duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng 'small short-toed hundred-spirit'	コヒバリ (小雲雀) ko-hibari 'small lark'		Сұр бозторғай
Calandrella cheleensis	Asian short-toed lark Mongolian short-toed lark Salt-marsh lark Солончаковый жаворонок	Дэрсний жиргэмэл dersni jirgmel 'feather-grass lark'	Дэрсний бялзуумар dersni bilzuumar 'feather-grass bilzuumar'	短趾百灵 duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng 'short-toed hundred-spirit' (1, 2, 3, 4) 亚洲短趾百灵 Yàzhōu duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng 'Asian short-toed hundred-spirit' (5. Alternative in 1, 3)	アジアコヒバリ (アジア小雲雀) Ajia ko-hibari 'Asian small lark'	북방쇠종다리 bukbang-soe-jongdari 'northern small lark'	Сор бозторғайы
Galerida
Galerida cristata	Crested lark Хохлатый жаворонок	Согсоот божирго sogsoot bojirg 'horned bojirg'	Согсоот болжмор sogsoot boljmor 'horned lark'	凤头百灵 fèng-tóu bǎi-líng 'phoenix-headed hundred-spirit'	カンムリヒバリ (冠雲雀) kanmuri hibari 'crested lark'	뿔종다리 ppul-jongdari 'horned lark'	Айдарлы бозторғай
Alauda
Alauda arvensis	Eurasian skylark Skylark Northern skylark Полевой жаворонок	Боролзой богширго borolzoi bogshirg 'borolzoi (flower) bogshirg'	Боролзой болжмор borolzoi boljmor 'borolzoi (flower) lark' (probably from name below) боролдой болжмор boroldoi boljmor 'brown lark'	云雀 yún-què 'cloud sparrow/finch'	ヒバリ (雲雀) hibari 'lark' written 'cloud sparrow/finch' Note	종다리 jongdari 'lark'	Шабындық бозторғайы
Eremophila
Eremophila alpestris	Horned lark or Shore lark Рогатый жаворонок	Шоорон эвэртболжмор shooron evert-boljmor 'pointed horned lark'	Шоорон алаг болжмор shooron alag boljmor 'pointed motley lark'	角百灵 jiǎo bǎi-líng 'horned hundred-spirit'	ハマヒバリ (浜雲雀) hama hibari 'shore lark'		Құлақты бозторғай

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