General
Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Pinyin reflects Mandarin pronunciation; for some dialect names, it is no more than a polite fiction. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.
Species belonging to the genus Aegithalos (long-tailed tits) are known in Chinese as 山雀 'mountain-sparrow' or 'mountain-finch', meaning 'tit'. Some lists call them 长尾山雀 'long-tailed mountain-sparrow / mountain-finch)', i.e., 'long-tailed tit', in order to distinguish them from the 'true tits'.
The use of plain 山雀 dates back to the time when the long-tailed tits were classed as part of the Paridae. The earliest list of Chinese ornithological names, Chinese Birds (35) published in 1927, adopted this treatment and called all species 山雀 . Reference to a long tail occurred only in the name of Aegithalos caudatus, which was called 白头长尾山雀 'white-headed long-tailed mountain-finch' after the English name 'White-headed Long-tailed Tit'. It was later ornithologists who extended 长尾 'long-tailed' to other species.
Species belonging to the genus Leptopoecile or tit-warblers are known as 雀莺 'tit warblers' in Chinese (homophonous with the name for 'sparrowhawk'). This reflects an earlier assignment to the Sylviidae (warblers). The early English ornithological name of this genus was 'warbler tit', translated into Chinese as 莺山雀 'warbler mountain finch/sparrow' in (35).
Species names
SCIENTIFIC & ENGLISH |
CHINESE |
EAST |
SOUTH | NORTH |
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| Leptopoecile | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Korean |
Vietnamese |
Mongolian |
Leptopoecile sophiae |
White-browed tit-warbler Severtzov's tit warbler Stoliczka's tit warbler Turkestan tit warbler |
花彩雀莺 (花彩雀鶯) 'flower-coloured finch-warbler' |
白腹莺山雀 (白腹鶯山雀) 'white-bellied warbler mountain-finch' (early ornithological) (35) |
フジイロムシクイ (藤色虫喰) fuji-iro mushi-kui 'wisteria-coloured insect-eater (=willow-warbler)' |
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| Leptopoecile elegans | Crested tit-warbler Crested tit warbler |
凤头雀莺 (鳳頭雀鶯) 'phoenix-headed finch-warbler' |
凤头莺山雀 (鳳頭鶯山雀) 'phoenix-headed warbler mountain-finch' (early ornithological) (35) |
カンムリフジイロムシクイ (冠藤色虫喰) kanmuri fuji-iro mushi-kui 'crested wisteria-coloured insect-eater (=willow-warbler)' |
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| Aegithalos | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Korean |
Vietnamese |
Mongolian |
| Aegithalos concinnus |
Black-throated tit Red-headed tit |
红头长尾山雀 (紅頭長尾山雀) 'red-headed long-tailed mountain-finch' or 红头山雀 (紅頭山雀) 'red-headed mountain-finch' (alt in 1, 3) |
(红头山雀) 紅頭山雀 'red-headed mountain-finch' |
红头山雀 (紅頭山雀) 'red-headed mountain-finch' (early ornithological) (35) 红顶山雀 (紅頂山雀) 'red-capped mountain-finch' 红白面只 (紅白面只) (tone of 只 uncertain) 'red white-faced zhi (?)' |
ズアカエナガ (頭赤柄長) zu-aka e-naga 'red-headed long-handle' |
Chim Bạc má đuôi dài 'long-tailed silver-cheek bird (=tit)' (12, 34) |
Inner M: Улаан толгойт онхол задуулай ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢᠲᠣ ᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯᠣ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠣᠯᠠᠢ ulaaŋ tolgoit oŋkhol zaduulai 'red-throated oŋkhol tit' (31, 33) |
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| Aegithalos iouschistos |
Black-Browed tit Rufous-fronted tit Blyth's long-tailed tit Black-headed tit |
棕额长尾山雀 (棕额長尾山雀) 'reddishbrown-foreheaded long-tailed mountain-finch' (2, 4)  Taxonomy
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黑头长尾山雀 (黑頭長尾山雀) 'black-headed long-tailed mountain-finch' (3) or 黑头山雀 (黑頭山雀) 'black-headed mountain-finch' (alt in 3) |
ヤマガラモドキ (山雀擬き) yama-gara modoki 'pseudo mountain-tit (=Varied Tit)' (gara written with 雀, the character for 'sparrow') |
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| Aegithalos bonvaloti |
Père Bonvalot's tit Black-Browed tit |
Aegithalos iouschistos bonvaloti (1): 黑眉长尾山雀 (黑眉長尾山雀) 'black-eyebrowed long-tailed mountain-finch' or 黑眉山雀 (黑眉山雀) 'black-eyebrowed mountain-finch' (alt in 1, 3) |
マユグロヤマガラモドキ (眉黒山雀擬き) mayu-guro yama-gara modoki 'black-eyebrowed pseudo mountain-tit (=Varied Tit)' (gara written with 雀, the character for 'sparrow') (from Internet) |
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| Aegithalos fuliginosus |
Sooty tit White-necklaced tit Sooty long-tailed tit Silver-faced tit |
银脸长尾山雀 (銀臉長尾山雀) 'silver-faced long-tailed mountain-finch' or 银脸山雀 (銀臉山雀) 'silver-faced mountain-finch' (alt in 1, 3) |
银面山雀 (銀面山雀) 'silver-faced mountain-finch' (early ornithological) (35) |
ギンガオエナガ (銀顔柄長) gin-gao e-naga 'silver-faced long-handle' |
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| Aegithalos caudatus |
Long-tailed tit | 银喉长尾山雀 (銀喉長尾山雀) 'silver-throated long-tailed mountain-finch' or 银喉山雀 (銀喉山雀) 'silver-throated mountain-finch' (alt in 1, 3) |
吱吱猴 (吱吱猴) 'zhi-zhi monkey?' (cf Paridae) 白头长尾山雀 (白頭長尾山雀) 'white-headed long-tailed mountain-finch' (early ornithological) (35) |
エナガ (柄長) e-naga 'long-handle' |
오목눈이 omongnuni 'longtailedtit' |
Сүүлт хөхбухандай ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠬᠠᠨᠳᠠᠢ süült khökh-bukhandai 'tailed darkblue bullock' Inner M: Мөнгөн хоолойт онхол задуулай ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠢᠢᠲᠣ ᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯᠣ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠣᠯᠠᠢ möŋgöŋ khooloit oŋkhol zaduulai 'silver-throated oŋkhol tit' (33, 31) |
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The term 雀 què ('sparrow' or 'finch') is in fact short for 山雀 shān-què 'mountain finch' (or 'mountain sparrow') which refers to the tits (Paridae). The Chinese name is a direct calque on English 'tit-warbler'.
The term 山雀 shān-què 'mountain finch' (or 'mountain sparrow') is the ornithological name for the tits (Paridae). The name has possibly been influenced by Japanese ヤマガラ yama-gara, written 山雀, which is the name of the Varied Tit (Sittiparus varius). Within the Paridae, Mainland usage now reserves 山雀 for species that at the time belonged to the genus Parus. Other genera use the abbreviated form 雀 què.
Some authorities recognise two subspecies as full species:
Aegithalos bonvaloti
黑眉长尾山雀
(黑眉長尾山雀)
'black-eyebrowed long-tailed mountain-finch'
or
黑眉山雀
(黑眉山雀)
'black-eyebrowed mountain-finch' (alt in (1), (3))
and
Aegithalos fuliginosus
银脸长尾山雀
(銀臉長尾山雀)
'silver-faced long-tailed mountain-finch'
or
银脸山雀
(銀臉山雀)
'silver-faced mountain-finch' (alt in (1) and (3))
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999
Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000
内蒙古动物志 (第四卷 鸟纲 雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 4 Aves Passerines), 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2015
Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009
Chinese Birds (A Tentative List of Chinese Birds) 中國鳥類（中國鳥類目錄試編） N. Gist Gee, Lacy I. Moffett, G. D. Wilder (祁天錫, 慕維德, 萬卓志), Peiping, 1927 (reprinted 1948)
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