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The Osprey is known by a confusing variety of names in Mongolian, many of which are shared with other types of bird. There appears to be some variation along dialect or areal lines.
- One group of names is based on the word Явлаг yavlag, which is also used for certain owls (Strigidae). These names include Явлаг сар yavlag sar 'yavlag buzzard', Явлаг галуу yavlag galuu 'yavlag goose', and Явлаг эрээ yavlag eree 'yavlag kite' (the latter two being found in Inner Mongolian sources).
- Another name is Халуу мэргэн khaluu mergeŋ. Халуу khaluu is a name for several types of bird that plunge for their prey, and may also be found in reference to alcenid kingfishers and cormorants; Мэргэн has a number of meanings, including 'intelligent' and 'good marksman'. According to Mongolian dictionaries, the name Халуу мэргэн khaluu mergeŋ is also used for a type of gull.
In the 2007 official names, the Osprey is called Загасч явлаг zagasch yavlag 'fishing yavlag', removing the final Сар sar 'buzzard' and adding the disambiguating descriptor загасч zagasch 'fishing'.
Species names
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The word ハチクマ hachi-kuma literally 'bee-bear' is written in Chinese characters as 1. 蜂角鷹 'bee horned hawk' or 2. 蜂熊 'bee bear'.
The distinction between 'eagle' and 'vulture' in Chinese is a relatively recent one. The character 鹫 is traditionally used for both eagles and vultures.
The etymology of サシバ sashiba' is unknown. In Chinese characters it is usually written 1) 差羽, where the verb 差す sasu has a very broad range of meanings, including 'to point', and 羽, here read ba, means 'wing' or 'feather', or 2) 鸇, an ancient Chinese raptor name.
The male bird is known as Морин хяргуй moriŋ khyargui 'horse sparrowhawk', the female as Хонин хяргуй khoniŋ khyargui 'sheep sparrowhawk' (dictionary).
Харсуун kharsuuŋ or харсун kharsuŋ is found in the names of birds at the Accipitridae, Strigidae, and Sylviidae. The dictionary meaning is 'coarse', 'crude' (e.g. as used of foodstuffs), but in bird naming it appears to have the meaning 'hawk'.
Mongolian dictionaries give the meaning of Тарс tars as the female of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and related species (Эмэгчин овууна буюу алаг тогшуурга шувуу).
Монгол хэлний дэлгэрэнгүй тайлбар толь: Шаравтархан өнгөтэй, жигүүр нь урт, сүүл нь охор, хүзүү нь бүдүүн, загас барьж иддэг цахлайн нэгэн зүйл усны шувуу. 'A type of water bird; a yellowish, long-winged, short-tailed, thick-necked gull that catches and eats fish'.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013
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