Laridae / Цахлайнхан (Tsakhlainkhan)

General names

This list should be regarded as being 'in beta'. Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Pronunciation still needs fine-tuning. Comments and corrections welcome.

The Mongolian word for 'gull' is Цахлай tsakhlai, also seen as Захлай zakhlai. An alternative name for the gull is Хайлган khailgan or Хайлгана khailgann, but this is now used by naturalists to refer to the skuas/jaegars.

The word for 'tern' is Хараалай kharaalai, also Хараалзай kharaalzai. A word used for riverine terns is Амуулай amuulai or Амлай amlai.

Regularised names:

The 2007 official list assigns a different name to each genus, as follows:

Genus	Old	New
Larus (Gulls)	Цахлай tsakhlai	Цахлай tsakhlai
Rhodostethia (Ross's Gull)	Цахлай tsakhlai	Ягаандай yagaandai
Rissa (Kittiwakes)	Цахлай tsakhlai	Захлай zakhlai
Gelochelidon (Gull-billed Tern)	Хараалай kharaalai	Aмууулай amuulai
Hydroprogne (Caspian Tern)	Хараалай kharaalai	Шунгуулай shunguulai
Sterna (Terns)	Хараалай kharaalai	Хараалай kharaalai
Chlidonias (Marsh Terns)	Хараалай kharaalai	Хараалзай kharaalzai

The main method of creating new generic names is to press existing variants (Захлай zakhlai, Хараалзай kharaalzai) or other existing names (Aмууулай amuulai) into service. Two other names, Ягаандай yagaandai based on ягаан yagaan meaning 'pink', and Шунгуулай shunguulai, yet another name based on the verb шунгах shungakh 'to dive', are either coinages or existing words not listed in dictionaries.

Species names

LARINAE SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN MONGOLIAN EAST ASIAN C. ASIAN Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese Japanese Korean Kazakh Larus               Larus crassirostris Black-tailed gull Japanese gull Чернохвостая чайка Харсүүлт цахлай khar-süült tsakhlai 'black-tailed gull' Хар сүүлт цахлай khar süült tsakhlai 'black-tailed gull' 黑尾鸥 hēi-wěi ōu 'black-tailed gull' ウミネコ (海猫) umi-neko 'sea cat' 괭이갈매기 gwaengi-galmaegi 'cat gull'   Larus canus Mew gull Common gull Сизая чайка Үүлэн цахлай üülen tsakhlai 'cloud gull' Үүлэн цахлай üülen tsakhlai 'cloud gull' 海鸥 hǎi ōu 'sea gull' カモメ (鴎) kamome 'gull' 갈매기 galmaegi 'gull' Көк шағала Larus hyperboreus Glaucous gull Большая полярная чайка, Бургомистр Мөсний цахлай mösni tsakhlai 'ice gull' Мөсний цахлай mösni tsakhlai 'ice gull' 北极鸥 běi jí ōu 'north pole gull' シロカモメ (白鴎) shiro-kamome 'white gull' 흰갈매기 huin-galmaegi 'white gull' Дуанбас Larus argentatus Note Herring gull Серебристая чайка Мөнгөлөг цахлай mönglög tsakhlai 'silver gull' Мөнгөлөг цахлай mönglög tsakhlai 'silver gull' 银鸥 yín-ōu 'silver gull' セグロカモメ (背黒鴎) se-guro kamome 'black-backed gull' ウスセグロカモメ (薄背黒鴎) usu se-guro kamome 'light black-backed gull' (if species status of L. vegae is recognised) 옅은재갈매기 yeoteun-jae-galmaegi 'pale ash gull' Note Қылқаң шағала Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged gull Caspian gull Хохотунья Үхэр цахлай ükher tsakhlai 'ox gull' Бархираа цахлай barkh'raa tsakhlai 'screaming gull' 黄腿银鸥 huáng-tuǐ yín ōu 'yellow-legged silver gull' (2) 黄脚银鸥 huáng-jiǎo yín-ōu 'yellow-footed silver gull' (3) or 黄脚鸥 huáng-jiǎo ōu 'yellow-footed gull' (Alternative in 3) 黄腿鸥 huáng-tuǐ ōu 'yellow-legged gull' (4) キアシセグロカモメ (黄足背黒鴎) ki-ashi se-guro kamome 'yellow-legged black-backed gull' (Internet) 노랑발갈매기 norang-bal-galmaegi 'yellow-legged gull' (L. mongolicus) 카스피해갈매기 Kaseupi-hae-galmaegi 'Caspian sea gull' (L. cachinnans) Өгізшагала Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese Japanese Korean Kazakh Larus ichthyaetus Great black-headed gull or Pallas's Gull Черноголовый хохотун Итэлгэн цахлай itelgen tsakhlai 'itelgen gull' (related to итлэг, a kind of raptor?) Итэлгэн цахлай itelgen tsakhlai 'itelgen gull' (related to итлэг, a kind of raptor?) 渔鸥 yú-ōu 'fishing gull' オオズグロカモメ (大頭黒鴎) ō zu-guro kamome 'large black-headed gull' 큰검은머리갈매기 keun-geomeun-meori-galmaegi 'large black-headed gull' Қарабас өгізшағала Larus brunnicephalus Brown-headed gull Indian black-headed gull Буроголовоя чайка Бортолгойт цахлай bor-tolgoit tsakhlai 'brown/grey-headed gull' Бор толгойт цахлай bor tolgoit tsakhlai 'brown/grey-headed gull' 棕头鸥 zōng-tóu ōu 'reddish-brown-headed gull' チャガシラカモメ (茶頭鴎) cha-gashira kamome 'brown-headed gull'     Larus ridibundis Common black-headed gull Black-headed gull Озерная чайка, Обыкновенная речная Хүрэнтолгойт цахлай khüren-tolgoit tsakhlai 'chestnut-headed gull' Хүрэн толгойт цахлай khüren tolgoit tsakhlai 'chestnut-headed gull' 红嘴鸥 hóng-zuǐ ōu 'red-billed gull' ユリカモメ (百合鴎) yuri kamome 'lily gull' 붉은부리갈매기 bulgeun-buri-galmaegi 'red-billed gull' Көл шағала Larus genei Slender-billed gull Морской голубок, Тонкоклювая чайка Шөвгөр цахлай shövgör tsakhlai 'sharp-pointed gull'   细嘴鸥 xì-zuǐ ōu 'slender-billed gull' ハシボソカモメ (嘴細鴎) hashi-boso kamome 'slender-billed gull' 기린목갈매기 girin-mok-galmaegi 'qilin-necked gull' or 긴목갈매기 gin-mok-galmaegi 'long-necked gull' Теңіз шағаласы Larus relictus (No. 37) Relict gull Relic gull Реликтовая чайка Рэликт цахлай relikt tsakhlai 'relikt gull'   遗鸥 yí-ōu 'relic gull' ゴビズキンカモメ (ゴビ頭巾鴎) Gobi zukin kamome 'Gobi hooded gull' 적호갈매기 jeokho-galmaegi 'jeokho gull' or 고대갈매기 godae-galmaegi 'ancient gull' Мойнақ немесе алакөз Larus minutus Little gull Малая чайка Хурган цахлай khurgan tsakhlai 'lamb gull' Хурган цахлай khurgan tsakhlai 'lamb gull' 小鸥 xiǎo-ōu 'little gull' ヒメカモメ (姫鴎) hime kamome 'princess gull'   Кіші шағала Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese Japanese Korean Kazakh Rhodostethia               Rhodostethia rosea Larus roseus Ross's gull Wedge-tailed gull Розовая чайка Хүзүүвчит ягаандай khüzüüvchit yagaandai 'ring-necked yagaandai' Ягаан цахлай yagaan tsakhlai 'pink gull' 楔尾鸥 xiē-wěi ōu 'wedge-tailed gull' ヒメクビワカモメ (姫首輪鴎) hime kubi-wa kamome 'princess neck-ring gull' 쇠목테갈매기 soe-mok-te-galmaegi 'small throat-band gull'   Rissa               Rissa tridactyla Larus tridactylus Black-legged kittiwake Kittiwake Моевка, Обыкновенная моевка Гурванхуруут захлай gurven-khuruut zakhlai 'three-toed gull' Гурван хуруут цахлай gurven khuruut zakhlai 'three-toed gull' 三趾鸥 sān-zhǐ ōu 'three-toed gull' ミツユビカモメ (三つ趾鴎) mitsu-yubi kamome 'three-toed gull' 세가락갈매기 se-garak-galmaegi 'three-toed gull' Үшсаусақты шағала

STERNINAE SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN MONGOLIAN EAST ASIAN C. ASIAN Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese Japanese Korean Kazakh Sterna               Sterna nilotica Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed tern Чайконосая крачка Бахим амууулай bakhim amuulai 'short-stout amuulai' Бахим хараалай bakhim kharaalai 'short-stout tern' 鸥嘴噪鸥 ōu-zuǐ zào-ōu 'gull-billed noisy gull' ハシブトアジサシ (嘴太鯵刺) hashi-buto ajisashi 'thick-billed tern' 큰부리제비갈매기 keun-buri-jebi-galmaegi 'large-billed swallow gull' Қаратұмсық қарқылдақ Sterna caspia Hydroprogne caspia Hydroprogne tschegrava Caspian tern Чеграва Морин шунгуулай morin shunguulai 'horse shuunguulai' Морин хараалай morin kharaalai 'horse tern' 红嘴巨鸥 hóng-zuǐ jù-ōu 'red-billed giant gull' or 黑海巨鸥 hēi-hǎi jù-ōu 'Black Sea giant gull' (Alternative in 5) オニアジサシ (鬼鯵刺) oni ajisashi 'ogre tern' 붉은부리큰제비갈매기 bulgeun-buri-keun-jebi-galmaegi 'red-billed large swallow gull' Үлкен қарқылдақ Sterna hirundo Common tern Речная крачка, Обыкновенная крачка Эгэл хараалай egel kharaalai 'common tern' Хараалай kharaalai 'tern' 普通燕鸥 pǔtōng yàn-ōu 'common swallow-gull' アジサシ (鯵刺) ajisashi 'tern' 제비갈매기 jebi-galmaegi 'swallow gull' Өзен қарқылдақ Sterna albifrons Little tern Малая крачка Хурган хараалай khurgan kharaalai 'lamb tern' Хурган хараалай khurgan kharaalai 'lamb tern' 白额燕鸥 bái-é yàn-ōu 'white forehead swallow-gull' コアジサシ (小鯵刺) ko-ajisashi 'little tern' 쇠제비갈매기 soe-jebi-galmaegi 'small swallow gull' Кіші қарқылдақ Chlidonias               Chlidonias hybrida Chlidonias hybridus Sterna hybrida Whiskered tern Белощекая крачка Цагааншанаа хараалзай tsagaan-shanaa kharaalzai 'white-cheek kharaalzai' Шанаа цагаан хараалай shanaa tsagaan kharaalai 'cheek-white tern' 须浮鸥 xū fú-ōu 'whiskered floating gull' クロハラアジサシ (黒腹鯵刺) kuro-hara ajisashi 'black-bellied tern' 구레나룻제비갈매기 gurenarut-jebi-galmaegi 'whiskered swallow-gull' Ақжағал қарқылдақ Chlidonias leucopterus Sterna leucoptera White-winged black tern White-winged tern Белокрылая крачка Буурал хараалзай buural kharaalzai 'roan kharaalzai' Буурал хараалай buural kharaalai 'roan tern' 白翅浮鸥 bái-chì fú-ōu 'white-winged floating gull' ハジロクロハラアジサシ (羽白黒腹鯵刺) ha-jiro kuro-hara ajisashi 'white-winged black-bellied tern' 흰죽지갈매기 huin-jukji-galmaegi 'white wingjoint gull' Аққанат қарқылдақ Chlidonias niger Chlidonias nigra Sterna nigra Black tern Черная крачка Хилэн хараалзай khilen kharaalzai 'velvet (?) kharaalzai' Хилэн хараалай khilen kharaalai 'velvet (?) tern' 黑浮鸥 hēi fú-ōu 'black floating gull' ハシグロクロハラアジサシ (嘴黒黒腹鯵刺) hashi-guro kuro-hara ajisashi 'black-billed black-bellied tern' 검은제비갈매기 geomeun-jebi-galmaegi 'black swallow gull' Қара қарқылдақ Latin English/Russian Mongolian Former & Other M Chinese Japanese Korean Kazakh