General names
This list should be regarded as being 'in beta'. Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Many Kazakh, Turkish, and Korean glosses are highly tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.
The Мongolian name for the falcons is Шонхор shoŋkhor. (At an earlier stage Шонхор shoŋkhor may have referred to accipitrids and falconids in general, but in modern Mongolian it refers to the falcons).
Some species names are difficult to elucidate, although a comparison with Kazakh reveals some tantalising clues. There have clearly been borrowings between Mongolian and other Central Asian languages. Historically the direction is mainly from Turkic languages into Mongolian.
The name Шонхор shoŋkhor (classical form singqur) itself is quite similar to the Kazakh name of the Gyrfalcon, Сұңқар suñqar.
Red-footed Falcon: The name Турамтай turamtai, also found in the form Торомтой toromtoi, appears to also refer to a kind of hawk in Mongolian. The word is clearly related to the Kazakh name for the Merlin, Тұрымтай turımtay, which was possibly originally borrowed from Mongolian.
Common Kestrel: The name Начин nachiŋ refers to a kind of raptor, probably a falcon. Начин шонхор nachiŋ shoŋkhor is thus partially redundant.
The Saker Falcon is known as the Идлэг шонхор idleg shoŋkhor. There are a number of variant names: Итлэг itleg, Идлэг начин idleg nachiŋ and Идлэг шувуу idleg shuvuu. The Идлэг idleg, in Classical form idelgü, referred to a kind of raptor, identity unclear. The resemblance to the Kazakh name for the species, Ителгі ïtelgi, is obvious.
Gyr Falcon: Although the old official name Жадан шонхор jadaŋ shoŋkhor 'lance falcon' has a discernible (although hard to fathom) meaning, what is interesting is the parallel with the Chinese name 矛隼 , which also means 'lance falcon'. The similarity suggests a loan translation (calque).
The Hobby, known as the Шууман шонхор shuumaŋ shoŋkhor 'shuuman falcon', is called the Хараацайч начин kharaatsaich nachiŋ 'swallow falcon' in Inner Mongolian sources, obviously related to the Chinese name.
The Buryat names for the falcon are Шонхор shonkhor and Нашан nashan.
Species names
| FALCONINAE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
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| Falco | ||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Former & Other M |
Chinese (incl. Taiwan) |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
Falco naumanni |
Lesser kestrel Степная пустельга |
Зээрд шонхор zeerd shoŋkhor 'chestnut-coloured falcon' |
Зээрд шонхор zeerd shoŋkhor 'chestnut-coloured falcon' |
黄爪隼 (黄爪隼) 'yellow-clawed falcon' |
ヒメチョウゲンボウ (姫長元坊) hime chōgenbō 'princess kestrel' |
Дала күйкентайы dala küykentayı 'steppe falconet' |
Küçük Kerkenez 'small kestrel' |
|
| Falco tinnunculus |
Common kestrel Eurasian kestrel Kestrel Обыкновенная пустельга |
Начин шонхор nachiŋ shoŋkhor 'falcon falcon' (nachin also means 'falcon') |
Начин шонхор nachiŋ shoŋkhor 'falcon falcon' (nachin also means 'falcon') |
红隼 (紅隼) 'red falcon' Taiwan: (红隼) 紅隼 'red falcon' |
チョウゲンボウ (長元坊) chōgenbō 'kestrel' |
황조롱이 hwang-jorongi 'yellow sparrowhawk' |
Кәдімгі күйкентай kädimgi küykentay 'true falconet' |
Kerkenez 'kestrel' |
| Falco vespertinus |
Red-footed falcon Western red-footed falcon Кобчик |
Турамтай шонхор turamtai shoŋkhor 'turamtai falcon' |
Турамтай шонхор turamtai shoŋkhor 'turamtai falcon' |
西红脚隼 (西紅腳隼) 'western red-footed falcon' (2, 4) 红脚隼 (紅腳隼) 'red-footed falcon' (3)  Taxonomy |
ニシアカアシチョウゲンボウ (西赤足長元坊) nishi aka-ashi chōgenbō 'western red-legged kestrel' |
Бөктергі böktergi 'boktergi' |
Ala Doğan 'area ? falcon' |
|
| Falco amurensis |
Amur falcon Eastern red-footed falcon Manchurian red-footed falcon Red-legged falcon Амурский кобчик |
Амарын шонхор amariŋ shoŋkhor 'quiet (?) falcon' |
Амарын турамтай шонхор amariŋ turamtai shoŋkhor 'quiet (?) turamtai falcon' |
红脚隼 (紅腳隼) 'red-footed falcon' (1, 2, 4, 5) 阿穆尔隼 (阿穆爾隼) 'Amur falcon' (3) TaxonomyTaiwan: (红脚隼) 紅腳隼 'red-footed falcon' |
アカアシチョウゲンボウ (赤足長元坊) aka-ashi chōgenbō 'red-legged kestrel' |
비둘기조롱이 bidulgi-jorongi 'pigeon sparrowhawk' |
||
| Falco columbarius |
Merlin Дербник |
Хайргууна шонхор khairguun shoŋkhor 'khairguun' falcon' |
Хайргууна шонхор khairguun shoŋkhor 'khairguun' falcon' |
灰背隼 (灰背隼) 'grey-backed falcon' Taiwan: (灰背隼) 灰背隼 'grey-backed falcon' |
コチョウゲンボウ (小長元坊) ko chōgenbō 'small kestrel' |
쇠황조롱이 soe-hwang-jorongi 'small yellow sparrowhawk' |
Тұрымтай turımtay 'turimtay' |
Boz Doğan 'dun falcon' |
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Former & Other M |
Chinese (incl. Taiwan) |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Falco subbuteo |
Eurasian hobby Northern hobby Hobby Чеглок, Обыкновенный чеглок |
Шууман шонхор shuumaŋ shoŋkhor 'shuuman falcon' |
Шууман шонхор shuumaŋ shoŋkhor 'shuuman falcon' Other: Хараацайч начин kharaatsaich nachiŋ 'swallow falcon' (nachin is alternative word for 'falcon') (Inner Mongolian) |
燕隼 (燕隼) 'swallow falcon' Taiwan: (燕隼) 燕隼 'swallow falcon' |
チゴハヤブサ (稚児隼) chigo hayabusa 'child falcon' |
새홀리기 saeholligi 'hobby' |
Жағалтай jağaltay 'hobby' |
Delice Doğan 'crazy? falcon' |
| Falco cherrug |
Saker falcon Балобан, Обыкновенный балобан |
Идлэг шонхор idleg shoŋkhor 'hawk falcon' (idleg refers to a kind of hawk, identity unclear) |
Идлэг шонхор idleg shoŋkhor 'hawk falcon' (idleg refers to a kind of hawk, identity unclear) |
猎隼 (獵隼) 'hunting falcon' |
セーカーハヤブサ (セーカー隼) sēkā hayabusa 'saker falcon' |
헨다손매 hendason-mae 'Henderson (?) hawk' |
Ителгі ïtelgi 'itelgi' |
Ulu Doğan 'large falcon' |
| Falco rusticolus Falco gyrfalco |
Gyr falcon Кречет |
Цагаан шонхор tsagaaŋ shoŋkhor 'white falcon' |
Жадан шонхор jadaŋ shoŋkhor 'lance falcon' |
矛隼 (矛隼) 'lance falcon' |
シロハヤブサ (白隼) shiro hayabusa 'white falcon' |
Ақ сұңқар aq suñqar 'white falcon' |
||
| Falco peregrinus |
Peregrine falcon Сапсан |
Эгэл шонхор egel shoŋkhor 'common falcon' |
Эгэл шонхор egel shoŋkhor 'common falcon' |
游隼 (遊隼) 'roaming falcon' Taiwan: (游隼) 遊隼 'roaming falcon' Former alternative Taiwan name: (隼) 隼 'falcon' |
ハヤブサ (隼) hayabusa 'falcon' |
매 mae 'hawk' |
Лашын laşın 'lashin' |
Gök Doğan 'sky falcon' |
| Falco pelegrinoides |
Barbary falcon Шахин, Рыжеголовый сокол |
Шилийн шонхор shiliŋ shoŋkhor 'hill falcon' |
拟游隼 (擬遊隼) 'pseudo roaming falcon' (2, 4, 5) Taxonomy |
バーバリーハヤブサ (バーバリー隼) bābarii hayabusa 'Barbary falcon' |
Бидайық bïdayıq 'bidayiq' |
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