Laridae
鷗科
ōu kē

General

Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Comments and corrections welcome.

The Laridae are all known as 鷗 ōu in Chinese.

• Larinae : The gulls proper are known as 鷗 ōu ('gulls') or 海鷗 hǎi-ōu ('sea gulls'). As a species name, 海鷗 hǎi-ōu refers to Larus canus.
• Sterninae : The terns in general are known as 燕鷗 yàn-ōu ('swallow-gulls'), although an older expression 海燕 hǎi-yàn appears to exist. (海燕 hǎi-yàn is, of course, now the standard term for 'petrel'.)

Mainland terminology reserves 燕鷗 yàn-ōu 'swallow-gull' for the genus Sterna. In terms of naming, the marsh terns, noddies, and others are treated as different kinds of 鷗 ōu (gull).

Species names

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LARINAE SCIENTIFIC & ENGLISH CHINESE JAPANESE OTHER Larus                 Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Larus crassirostris Black-tailed gull Japanese gull 黑尾鷗 (黑尾鸥) hēi-wěi ōu 'black-tailed gull' (黑尾鷗) 黑尾鸥 hēi-wěi ōu 'black-tailed gull' 海貓 (海猫) hǎi-māo 'sea cat' 烏尾尖鷗 (乌尾尖鸥) wū-wěi jiān ōu 'dark-tailed sharp gull' 中康滿 (中康满) zhōng kāng-mǎn 'medium peace plenty' ウミネコ (海猫) umi-neko 'sea cat'   괭이갈매기 gwaengi-galmaegi 'cat gull' Chim Mòng bể đuôi đen 'black-tailed sea gull (bird)' Larus canus Mew gull Common gull 海鷗 (海鸥) hǎi ōu 'sea gull' (海鷗) 海鸥 hǎi ōu 'sea gull' 白頭鷗 (白头鸥) bái-tóu ōu 'white-headed gull' カモメ (鴎) kamome 'gull'   갈매기 galmaegi 'gull' Chim Mòng bể đầu trắng 'white-headed sea gull (bird)' Chim mòng bể Viễn Đông 'Far Eastern sea gull (bird)' (13) Larus hyperboreus Glaucous gull 北極鷗 (北极鸥) běi jí ōu 'north pole gull' (北極鷗) 北极鸥 běi jí ōu 'north pole gull'   シロカモメ (白鴎) shiro-kamome 'white gull'   흰갈매기 huin-galmaegi 'white gull' Mòng biển xanh xám 'greenish-grey sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus argentatus Taxonomy Herring gull 銀鷗 (银鸥) yín-ōu 'silver-gull' Taiwan former official: 黑脊鷗 (黑脊鸥) hēi-jǐ ōu 'black-spined gull' (銀鷗) 银鸥 yín-ōu 'silver-gull' 紅腳鯡鷗 (红脚鲱鸥) hóng-jiǎo fēi ōu 'red-legged herring gull' 叼嘴郎 (叼嘴郎) diāo zuǐ láng 'hold-in-mouth fellow' 叼魚郎 (叼鱼郎) diāo yú láng 'hold-fish fellow' 大康滿 (大康满) dà kāng-mǎn 'large peace plenty' 魚鷹子 (鱼鹰子) yú-yīngzi 'fish hawk' (but see osprey and cormorant) 大海鷗 (大海鸥) dà hǎi-ōu 'large sea gull' 大水鴿子 (大水鸽子) dà shuǐ gēzi 'large water pigeon' セグロカモメ (背黒鴎) se-guro kamome 'black-backed gull' ウスセグロカモメ (薄背黒鴎) usu se-guro kamome 'light black-backed gull' (if species status of L. vegae is recognised)   옅은재갈매기 yeoteun-jae-galmaegi 'pale ash gull' Taxonomy Mòng biển cá trích 'herring sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus argentatus vegae Larus vegae Vega gull Siberian gull 織女銀鷗 (织女银鸥) zhī-nǚ yín-ōu 'weaving girl (=Vega) silver-gull' (proposed - from Internet) (西伯利亞銀鷗) 西伯利亚银鸥 xībólìyà yín-ōu 'Siberian silver-gull' (2, 4) (織女銀鷗) 织女银鸥 zhī-nǚ yín-ōu 'weaving girl (=Vega) silver-gull' (3) or (織女鷗) 织女鸥 zhī-nǚ ōu 'weaving girl gull' (Alternative in 3) 紅腳銀鷗 (红脚银鸥) hóng-jiǎo yín-ōu 'red-legged silver-gull' (7) セグロカモメ (背黒鴎) se-guro kamome 'black-backed gull' (Internet)   재갈매기 jae-galmaegi 'ash gull' Chim Mòng bể Vega 'Vega sea gull (bird)' (13) Taxonomy Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Larus cachinnans Yellow-legged gull Caspian gull 黃腳銀鷗 (黄脚银鸥) huáng-jiǎo yín-ōu 'yellow-footed silver-gull' (黄腿銀鷗) 黄腿银鸥 huáng-tuǐ yín ōu 'yellow-legged silver-gull' (2) (黄腳銀鷗) 黄脚银鸥 huáng-jiǎo yín-ōu 'yellow-footed silver-gull' (3) or (黄腳鷗) 黄脚鸥 huáng-jiǎo ōu 'yellow-footed gull' (Alternative in 3) (黄腿鷗) 黄腿鸥 huáng-tuǐ ōu 'yellow-legged gull' (4)   キアシセグロカモメ (黄足背黒鴎) ki-ashi se-guro kamome 'yellow-legged black-backed gull' (Internet)   노랑발갈매기 norang-bal-galmaegi 'yellow-legged gull' (L. mongolicus) 카스피해갈매기 kaseupi-hae-galmaegi 'Caspian sea gull' (L. cachinnans) Mòng biển Caspi 'Caspian sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus schistisagus Slaty-backed gull 灰背鷗 (灰背鸥) huī-bèi ōu 'grey-backed gull' Taiwan former official: 大黑脊鷗 (大黑脊鸥) dà hēi-jǐ ōu 'large black-spined gull' (灰背鷗) 灰背鸥 huī-bèi ōu 'grey-backed gull'   オオセグロカモメ (大背黒鴎) ō se-guro kamome 'large black-backed gull'   큰재갈매기 keun-jae-galmaegi 'large ash gull' Mòng biển lưng đá 'stone-backed sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus fuscus Lesser black-backed gull 小黑背鷗 (小黑背鸥) xiǎo hēi-bèi yín-ōu 'silver-gull' (小黑背銀鷗) 小黑背银鸥 xiǎo hēi-bèi yín-ōu 'silver-gull' (2, 5) Taxonomy   ニシセグロカモメ (背黒鴎) nishi se-guro kamome 'western black-backed gull' (from Internet) Taxonomy     Chim Mòng biển lưng đen nhỏ 'small black-backed sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus fuscus heuglini Larus heuglini Taxonomy Heuglin's gull 灰林銀鷗 (灰林银鸥) huī-lín yín ōu 'Huilin's silver-gull' (huilin literally 'grey forest') (proposed, from Internet) Taxonomy (灰林銀鷗) 灰林银鸥 huī-lín yín ōu 'Huilin's silver-gull' (huilin literally 'grey forest') (3) or (灰林鷗) 灰林鸥 huī-lín ōu 'Huilin's gull' (huilin literally 'grey forest') (Alternative in 3) (休氏銀鷗) 休氏银鸥 xiū-shì yín-ōu 'Mr Xiu's silver-gull' (4)   ホイグリンカモメ (ホイグリン鴎) Hoigurin kamome 'Heuglin's gull' (from Internet) Taxonomy   줄무늬노랑발갈매기 jul-munui-norang-bal-galmaegi 'stripe-patterned yellow-legged gull' Chim Mòng bể chân vàng 'yellow-legged sea gull (bird)' (13) Taxonomy or Mòng biển Heuglin 'Heuglin's sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia) Larus ichthyaetus Great black-headed gull or Pallas's Gull 漁鷗 (渔鸥) yú-ōu 'fishing gull' (漁鷗) 渔鸥 yú-ōu 'fishing gull'   オオズグロカモメ (大頭黒鴎) ō zu-guro kamome 'large black-headed gull'   큰검은머리갈매기 keun-geomeun-meori-galmaegi 'large black-headed gull' Chim Mòng bể đầu đen lớn 'large black-headed sea gull (bird)' Chim mòng bể Palas 'Pallas's sea gull (bird)' (13) Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Larus brunnicephalus Brown-headed gull Indian black-headed gull 棕頭鷗 (棕头鸥) zōng-tóu ōu 'reddishbrown-headed gull' (棕頭鷗) 棕头鸥 zōng-tóu ōu 'reddishbrown-headed gull' 水鴿子 (水鸽子) shuǐ gēzi 'water pigeon' 海鷗 (海鸥) hǎi-ōu 'sea gull' チャガシラカモメ (茶頭鴎) cha-gashira kamome 'brown-headed gull'     Chim Mòng bể đầu nâu 'brown-headed sea gull (bird)' Larus ridibundis Common black-headed gull Black-headed gull 紅嘴鷗 (红嘴鸥) hóng-zuǐ ōu 'red-billed gull' (紅嘴鷗) 红嘴鸥 hóng-zuǐ ōu 'red-billed gull' 笑鷗 (笑鸥) xiào ōu 'laughing gull' 普通海鷗 (普通海鸥) pǔtōng hǎi-ōu 'common sea gull' 海鷗 (海鸥) hǎi-ōu 'sea gull' 赤味鷗 (赤味鸥) chì-wèi ōu 'red flavour (?) gull' 釣魚郎 (钓鱼郎) diào yú láng 'fisher fellow' 小康滿 (小康满) xiǎo kāng-mǎn 'small peace plenty' 水鴿子 (水鸽子) shuǐ gēzi 'water pigeon' ユリカモメ (百合鴎) yuri kamome 'lily gull' ミヤコドリ (都鳥) miyako-dori 'capital bird' (old literary usage) 붉은부리갈매기 bulgeun-buri-galmaegi 'red-billed gull' Chim Mòng bể 'sea gull (bird)' Chim Mòng bể đầu đen 'black-headed sea gull (bird)' (13) Larus saundersi Saunders's gull Saunder's gull 黑嘴鷗 (黑嘴鸥) hēi-zuǐ ōu 'black-billed gull' (黑嘴鷗) 黑嘴鸥 hēi-zuǐ ōu 'black-billed gull' 烏頭 (乌头) wū-tóu 'dark head' 白眼睛 (白眼睛) bái-yǎnjing 'white eye' ズグロカモメ (頭黒鴎) zu-guro kamome 'black-headed gull'   검은머리갈매기 geomeun-meori-galmaegi 'black-headed gull' Chim Mòng bể mỏ ngắn 'short-billed sea gull (bird)' Larus atricilla Laughing gull 笑鷗 (笑鸥) xiào ōu 'laughing gull' (笑鷗) 笑鸥 xiào ōu 'laughing gull'   ワライカモメ (笑い鴎) warai kamome 'laughing gull'       Larus minutus Little gull 小鷗 (小鸥) xiǎo-ōu 'small gull' (小鷗) 小鸥 xiǎo-ōu 'small gull'   ヒメカモメ (姫鴎) hime kamome 'princess gull'       Rissa                 Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Rissa tridactyla Larus tridactylus Black-legged kittiwake Kittiwake 三趾鷗 (三趾鸥) sān-zhǐ ōu 'three-toed gull' (三趾鷗) 三趾鸥 sān-zhǐ ōu 'three-toed gull'   ミツユビカモメ (三つ趾鴎) mitsu-yubi kamome 'three-toed gull'   세가락갈매기 se-garak-galmaegi 'three-toed gull' Mòng biển xira 'xira sea gull (bird)' (Wikipedia)

STERNINAE SCIENTIFIC & ENGLISH CHINESE JAPANESE OTHER Sterna                 Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Sterna nilotica Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed tern 鷗嘴燕鷗 (鸥嘴燕鸥) ōu-zuǐ yàn-ōu 'gull-billed swallow-gull' (鷗嘴噪鷗) 鸥嘴噪鸥 ōu-zuǐ zào-ōu 'gull-billed noisy gull'   ハシブトアジサシ (嘴太鯵刺) hashi-buto aji-sashi 'thick-billed tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   큰부리제비갈매기 keun-buri-jebi-galmaegi 'large-billed swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn chân đen 'black-legged tern' Sterna caspia Hydroprogne caspia Hydroprogne tschegrava Caspian tern 裏海燕鷗 (里海燕鸥) lǐ hǎi yàn-ōu 'inland sea (=Caspian Sea) swallow-gull' (紅嘴巨鷗) 红嘴巨鸥 hóng-zuǐ jù-ōu 'red-billed giant gull' or (黑海巨鷗) 黑海巨鸥 hēi-hǎi jù-ōu 'Black Sea giant gull' (Alternative in 5)   オニアジサシ (鬼鯵刺) oni aji-sashi 'ogre tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   붉은부리큰제비갈매기 bulgeun-buri-keun-jebi-galmaegi 'red-billed large swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn Caxpia 'Caspian tern' Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich tern 白嘴端燕鷗 (白嘴端燕鸥) bái-zuǐ duān yàn-ōu 'white-billed level swallow-gull' (白嘴端鳳頭燕鷗) 白嘴端凤头鸥 bái-zuǐ duān fèng-tóu yàn-ōu 'white-billed level phoenix-headed swallow-gull' (4) (白嘴端燕鷗) 白嘴端燕鸥 bái-zuǐ duān yàn-ōu 'white-billed level swallow-gull' (5)   サンドイッチアジサシ (サンドイッチ鯵刺) sandoitchi aji-sashi 'Sandwich tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')       Sterna bergii Thalasseus bergii Greater crested tern Great Crested-tern or Crested tern Large crested tern 鳳頭燕鷗 (凤头燕鸥) fèng-tóu yàn-ōu 'phoenix-headed swallow-gull' (大鳳頭燕鷗) 大凤头燕鸥 dà fèng-tóu yàn-ōu 'large phoenix-headed swallow-gull'   オオアジサシ (大鯵刺) ō aji-sashi 'large tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')     Chim Nhàn mào 'crested tern' Chim Nhàn mào lớn 'large crested tern (bird)' (13) Sterna dougalli Roseate tern 紅燕鷗 (红燕鸥) hóng yàn-ōu 'red swallow-gull' (粉紅燕鷗) 粉红燕鸥 fěn-hóng yàn-ōu 'pink swallow-gull'   ベニアジサシ (紅鯵刺) beni aji-sashi 'crimson tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')     Chim Nhàn hồng 'rosy tern (bird)' Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Sterna sumatrana Black-naped tern 蒼燕鷗 (苍燕鸥) cāng yàn-ōu 'darkblue swallow-gull' (黑枕燕鷗) 黑枕燕鸥 hēi-zhěn yàn-ōu 'black-naped swallow-gull'   エリグロアジサシ (襟黒鯵刺) eri-guro aji-sashi 'black-collared tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')     Chim Nhàn Xumatra 'Sumatran tern (bird)' Sterna hirundo Common tern 燕鷗 (燕鸥) yàn-ōu 'swallow-gull' (普通燕鷗) 普通燕鸥 pǔtōng yàn-ōu 'common swallow-gull' 長翅海燕 (长翅海燕) cháng-chì hǎi-yàn 'long-winged sea swallow' アジサシ (鯵刺) aji-sashi 'tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   제비갈매기 jebi-galmaegi 'swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn 'tern (bird)' Sterna albifrons Little tern 小燕鷗 (小燕鸥) xiǎo yàn-ōu 'small swallow-gull' (白額燕鷗) 白额燕鸥 bái-é yàn-ōu 'white-foreheaded swallow-gull'   コアジサシ (小鯵刺) ko-aji-sashi 'small tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   쇠제비갈매기 soe-jebi-galmaegi 'small swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn nhỏ 'small tern (bird)' Sterna aleutica Aleutian tern 白腰燕鷗 (白腰燕鸥) bái-yāo yàn-ōu 'white-rumped swallow-gull' (白腰燕鷗) 白腰燕鸥 bái-yāo yàn-ōu 'white-rumped swallow-gull'   コシジロアジサシ (腰白鯵刺) koshi-jiro aji-sashi 'white-rumped tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')     Chim Nhàn bụng đen 'black-bellied tern (bird)' (13) Taxonomy Sterna anaethetus Onychoprion anaethetus Bridled tern Brown-winged tern 白眉燕鷗 (白眉燕鸥) bái-méi yàn-ōu 'white-eyebrowed swallow-gull' (褐翅燕鷗) 褐翅燕鸥 hè-chì yàn-ōu 'brown-winged swallow-gull'   マミジロアジサシ (眉白鯵刺) mami-jiro aji-sashi 'white-eyebrowed tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   에위니아제비갈매기 ewinia-jebi-galmaegi 'ewinia swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn lưng đen 'black-backed tern (bird)' Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Sterna fuscata Onychoprion fuscatus Sooty tern 烏領燕鷗 (乌领燕鸥) wū-lǐng yàn-ōu 'dark-collared swallow-gull' (烏燕鷗) 乌燕鸥 wū yàn-ōu 'dark swallow-gull'   セグロアジサシ (背黒鯵刺) se-guro aji-sashi 'black-backed tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   검은등제비갈매기 geomeun-deung-jebi-galmaegi black-backed swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn nâu 'brown tern (bird)' Chlidonias                 Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Chlidonias hybrida Chlidonias hybridus Sterna hybrida Whiskered tern 黑腹燕鷗 (黑腹燕鸥) hēi-fù yàn-ōu 'black-bellied swallow-gull' (鬚浮鷗) 须浮鸥 xū fú-ōu 'whiskered floating-gull'   クロハラアジサシ (黒腹鯵刺) kuro-hara aji-sashi 'black-bellied tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   구레나룻제비갈매기 gurenarut-jebi-galmaegi 'whiskered swallow-gull' Chim Nhàn đen 'black tern (bird)' Chlidonias leucopterus Sterna leucoptera White-winged black tern White-winged tern 白翅黑燕鷗 (白翅黑燕鸥) bái-chì hēi yàn-ōu 'white-winged black swallow-gull' (白翅浮鷗) 白翅浮鸥 bái-chì fú-ōu 'white-winged floating-gull'   ハジロクロハラアジサシ (羽白黒腹鯵刺) ha-jiro kuro-hara aji-sashi 'white-winged black-bellied tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   흰죽지갈매기 huin-jukji-galmaegi 'white wingjoint gull' Chim Nhàn xám 'grey tern (bird)' Chlidonias niger Chlidonias nigra Sterna nigra Black tern 黑浮鷗 (黑浮鸥) hēi fú-ōu 'black floating-gull' (黑浮鷗) 黑浮鸥 hēi fú-ōu 'black floating-gull'   ハシグロクロハラアジサシ (嘴黒黒腹鯵刺) hashi-guro kuro-hara aji-sashi 'black-billed black-bellied tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')   검은제비갈매기 geomeun-jebi-galmaegi 'black swallow-gull'   Anous                 Latin English Chinese (Taiwan) Chinese (Mainland) Other Ch Japanese Other J Korean Vietnamese Anous stolidus Brown noddy or Common noddy Noddy tern 玄燕鷗 (玄燕鸥) xuán-yàn-ōu 'dark swallow-gull' (白頂玄燕鷗) 白顶玄燕鸥 bái-dǐng xuán-yàn-ōu 'white-headed dark swallow-gull' (2, 4, 5) (白頂玄鷗) 白定玄鸥 bái-dǐng xuán-ōu 'white-headed dark-gull' (1, 3) 白頂燕鷗 (白顶燕鸥) bái-dǐng yàn-ōu 'white-headed swallow-gull' (6) クロアジサシ (黒鯵刺) kuro aji-sashi 'black tern' (aji-sashi written 'horse-mackerel stabber')     Chim Nhàn đầu xám 'grey-headed tern (bird)'

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