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Phasianidae
Гургуулынхан
gurguuliŋkhaŋ

雉科
zhì kē

雉科
zhì kē

キジ科
kiji ka

꿩과
kkwong-gwa

Sülüngiller

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General

This list is 'in beta'. Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Kazakh, Turkish, and Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

Тhe Tetraoninae and Perdicinae are well represented in Mongolia and there is a good variety of names, although actual usage tends to vary by geographical location. The main ones are:

Some of the Mongolian names are shared with Kazakh and other languages of Central Asia. For example the Chukar is Хахилаг khakh'lag in Mongolian, Кекілік (kekilik) in Kazakh, Кеклик in Russian, and Keklik in Turkish. The quails are known as Бөднө bödön in Mongolian and Бөдене bödene in Kazakh. There are other suggestive similarities: The Black Grouse is Хур khur in Mongolian and Құр qur in Kazakh. The Pheasant is Гургуул gurguul in Mongolian, Қырғауыл qirğawıl in Kazakh.

The names used in Inner Mongolia and to a lesser extent Buryat differ somewhat from those in Mongolia, as shown below (names are from dictionaries or online and may be incomplete):

Group Inner Mongol. Mongolia Buryat
Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes, Falcipennis) Бор сойр, Чоргируу
bor soir, chorgiruu
'dun soir'
Хөтүү, Сойр, Цорхируу
khötüü, soir, tsorkhiruu
Хүдүү
khüdüü
Capercaillies (Tetrao) Хахилаг
khakh'lag
Сойр, Цорхируу
soir, tsorkhiruu
Һойр
hoir
Black Grouse (Lyrurus) Ятуу тахиа, Хур гургуул
yatuu takhia, khur gurguul
'partridge fowl/chicken', 'khur pheasant'
Хур
khur
Хура
khura
Ptarmigans, Willow Grouse (Lagopus) Сойр
soir
'soir'
Ятуу
yatuu
Торхируу
torkhiruu
Snowcocks (Tetraogallus ) Хойлог
khoilog
Хойлог
khoilog
-
Chukars (Alectoris) Гогоо тахиа
gogoo takhia
'gogoo fowl/chicken', where gogoo represents a clucking sound
Хахилаг
khakhilag
-
Partridges (Perdix) Ятуу
yatuu
Ятуу
yatuu
(Now officially renamed Ахууна akhuun, see tables)
Торхируу
torkhiruu
Quails (Coturnix) Бөднө
bödön
Бүднэ, Бүднээ
büden, büdnee
(Now standardised to бөднө bödön, see tables)
Бүдэнэ
büdene
Pheasants (Phasianus) Гургуул
gurguul
Гургуул
gurguul
Горгол
gorgol

The name Хур khur is listed in Inner Mongolian dictionaries as an abbreviation of Хур гургуул khur gurguul 'khur pheasant', identified as the 乌雉 wūzhì 'black pheasant' i.e. the Black Grouse, The differences in naming result in conflicts at a number of species or genera, including Tetrastes, Tetrao, Lyrurus, Lagopus, and Chukor.

Interestingly, a couple of Inner Mongolian names have been locally borrowed into Chinese, although perhaps they are listed in Chinese sources only as examples of 'other names found in China', not necessarily 'Chinese names'. Сойр soir has been borrowed as 苏衣尔 sūyī'ěr to refer to the Willow Grouse and 包日-苏衣尔 bāorì sūyī'ěr (Бор сойр) has been borrowed for the Hazel Grouse. Хойлог khoilog has been borrowed as 槐拉格 huáilāgé for the Tibetan Snowcock.

Ornithological naming

The ornithological names in Mongolia are as shown below. The 2007 official names make one major change in naming: the members of Lagopus are given the name Ахууна akhuun, which was previously applied to the Gaviidae. The reason given for this major change is that akhuun is used for these birds by locals.

In addition, the name of the quail is changed to a more current form.

Genus Old New
Tetrastes (Hazel Grouse) Mongolia formerly:
Хөтүү
khötüü
Хөтүү
khötüü
Tetrao (Capercaillies) Mongolia formerly:
Сойр
soir
Сойр
soir
Lyrurus (Black Grouse) Mongolia formerly:
Хур
khur
Хур
khur
Lagopus (Ptarmigans, Willow Grouse) Mongolia formerly:
Ятуу
yatuu
Ахууна
akhuun
Tetraogallus (Snowcocks) Mongolia formerly:
Хойлог
khoilog
Хойлог
khoilog
Alectoris (Chukars) Mongolia formerly:
Хахилаг
khakhilag
Хахилаг
khakhilag
Perdix (Partridges) Mongolia formerly:
Ятуу
yatuu
Ятуу
yatuu
Coturnix (Quails) Mongolia formerly:
Бүднэ, Бүднээ
büden, büdnee
Бөднө
böden
Phasianus (Pheasants) Mongolia formerly:
Гургуул
gurguul
Гургуул
gurguul

Cultural

The Altai Snowcock was traditionally hunted for the supposed curative effects of its meat for the healing of wounds.

Species names

› ABOUT THIS TABLE‹
PHASIANINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN
MONGOLIA
EAST ASIAN
TURKIC
COTURNICINI
Coturnix
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Coturnix coturnix
link to photo
Common quail

Обыкновенный перепел
Эгэл бөднө
ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
egel böden
'common quail'
  Mongolia formerly:
Бүднэ
ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
büden
'quail'
or
Бүднээ
ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
büdnee
'quail'
Other:
бүдэнэ
ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
büdene
'quail' (Buryat)
西鹌鹑
(西鵪鶉)
xī ānchun
'western quail' (2, 4)
鹌鹑
(鵪鶉)
ānchun
'quail' (3, 5)
›Note‹
ヨーロッパウズラ
(ヨーロッパ鶉)
yōroppa uzura
'European quail'
  Бөдене
bödene
'quail'
Bıldırcın
'quail'
Coturnix japonica
link to photo
Japanese quail

Немой,
Японский перелел
Наран бөднө
ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
naraŋ böden
'Japanese quail'
Бүднэ
ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
büden
'quail' (31, 32)
Mongolia formerly:
Наран бүднээ
ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
naraŋ büdnee
'Japanese quail (variant form)'
鹌鹑
(鵪鶉)
ānchun
'quail' (2, 4)
日本鹌鹑
(日本鵪鶉)
rìběn ānchun
'Japanese quail' (3, 5)
Taiwan:
(鹌鹑)
鵪鶉
ānchun
'quail'
ウズラ
()
uzura
'quail'
메추라기
me-churagi
'mountain-quail'
   
Tetraogallus
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Tetraogallus altaicus
link to photo
Altai snowcock
Altai snow cock

Алтайский улар,
Алтайская горная индейка
Алтайн хойлог
ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠯᠣᠭ
altaiŋ khoilog
'Altai snowcock'
    阿尔泰雪鸡
(阿爾泰雪雞)
ā'ěrtài xuě-jī
'Altai snow-fowl/chicken'
アルタイセッケイ
(アルタイ雪鶏)
arutai sekkei
'Altai snow-fowl/chicken'
  Алтай ұлары
altay uları
'Altai snowcock'
 
Alectoris
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Alectoris chukar
link to photolink to photolink to photo
Chukar partridge
Chukar
Chukor partridge

Кеклик,
Азиатский кэклик,
Азиатская каменная куропатка
Эрээнхавирга хахилаг
ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ
ereeŋ-khav'rag khakh'lag
'mottle-sided chukar'
Хушуу улаан ятуу
ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
khoshuu ulaaŋ yatuu
'red-bill partridge' (31, 32)
Mongolia formerly:
Хахилаг
ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ
khakh'lag
'chukar'
IM also:
Гогоо тахиа
ᠭᠣᠭᠣᠣ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵ᠎ᠠ
gogoo takhia
'gogoo fowl/chicken' (onomat.) (alt in 31)
石鸡
(石雞)
shí-jī
'rock fowl/chicken'
イワシャコ
(岩鷓鴣)
iwa-shako
'rock partridge'
  Кекілік
kekilik
'chukar'
Keklik
'chukar'
Kınalı Keklik
'henna'ed chukar'
PHASIANINI
Phasianus
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Phasianus colchicus
link to photolink to photo
Common pheasant

Фазан,
Обыкновенный фазан
Зэрлэг гургуул
ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ
zerleg gurguul
'wild pheasant'
Гургуул
ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ
gurguul
'pheasant' (31, 32)
Mongolia formerly:
Гургуул
ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ
gurguul
'pheasant'
Other:
Горгол
ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ
gorgol
'pheasant' (Buryat)
环颈雉
(環頸雉)
huán-jǐng zhì
'ring-necked pheasant' (alt in 1, 2, 4)
雉鸡
(雉雞)
zhì-jī
'pheasant fowl/chicken' (3, 5. alt in 1)
Taiwan:
(环颈雉)
環頸雉
huán-jǐng zhì
'ring-necked pheasant'
コウライキジ
(高麗雉)
kōrai kiji
'Korean pheasant'
(released species)

kkwong
'pheasant'
Қырғауыл
qırğawıl
'pheasant'
Sülün
'pheasant'
TETRAONINI
Tetrastes
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Tetrastes bonasia
Bonasa bonasia
link to photolink to photo
Northern Hazel Grouse
Hazel grouse

Рябчик
Шивэр хөтүү
ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ
shiver khötüü
'hazel grouse' or 'Siberian grouse' (shiver can mean hazel tree or thicket, but in some contexts is used for Siberia)
Bonasa bonasa:
Бор сойр
ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
bor soir
'dun soir' (31, 32)
Mongolia formerly:
Хөтүү
ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ
khötüü
'grouse'
IM also:
Хөх ногтруу
ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠲᠣᠷᠣ
khükh nogtruu
'darkblue sandgrouse' (alt in 31) (W)
Other:
ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ
Хүдүү
ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ
khüdüü
'grouse' (Buryat)
Хахилаг
ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ
khakh'lag
'capercaillie' (Inner Mongolia)
花尾榛鸡
(花尾榛雞)
huā-wěi zhēn-jī
'flower-tailed hazel-fowl/chicken'
エゾライチョウ
(蝦夷雷鳥)
ezo raichō
'Hokkaido thunder-bird'
들꿩
deul-kkwong
'meadow pheasant'
Сұр құр
sur qur
'grey grouse'
 
Lagopus
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Lagopus lagopus
link to photolink to photo
Willow grouse
or
Willow ptarmigan
Red grouse

Белая куропатка
Цагаан ахууна
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
tsagaaŋ akhuun
'white ptarmigan'
Цагаан ятуу
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
tsagaaŋ yatuu
'white partridge' (32)
Mongolia formerly:
Цагаан ятуу
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
tsagaaŋ yatuu
'white partridge'
IM also:
Цагаан сойр
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
tsagaaŋ soir
'white capercaillie' (31)
or
Сойр
ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
soir
'capercaillie' (alternative in 31) (conflicts with Mongolian name for Tetrao urogallus).
Other:
Сагаан торхируу
ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ
sagaan torkhiruu
'white partridge' (Buryat)
柳雷鸟
(柳雷鳥)
liǔ léi-niǎo
'willow thunder-bird' (1, 2, 3, 4)
雷鸟
(雷鳥)
léi-niǎo
'thunder-bird' (5. alt in 1)
カラフトライチョウ
(樺太雷鳥)
karafuto raichō
'Sakhalin thunder-bird'
  Аққұр
aq-qur
'white grouse'
 
Lagopus muta
Lagopus mutus
link to photo
Rock ptarmigan

Тундренная куропатка
Цэвдгийн ахууна
ᠴᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ
tsevdgiŋ akhuun
'tundra ptarmigan'
  Mongolia formerly:
Цэвдгийн цагаан ятуу
ᠴᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
tsevdgiŋ tsagaaŋ yatuu
'tundra white partridge'
Other:
Тундрын торхируу
ᠲᠣᠨᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ
tundrin torkhiruu
'tundra partridge' (Buryat)
岩雷鸟
(岩雷鳥)
yán léi-niǎo
'rock thunder-bird'
ライチョウ
(雷鳥)
raichō
'thunder-bird'
  Тундра аққұры
twndra aq-qurı
'tundra white-grouse'
 
Tetrao
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Tetrao urogallus Western capercaillie
Capercaillie
Wood Grouse

Глухарь,
Обыкновенный глухарь
Эгэл сойр
ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
egel soir
'common capercaillie'
  Mongolia formerly:
Сойр
ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
soir
'capercaillie' (conflicts with Inner Mongolian name for Lagopus lagopus).
or
Ердийн сойр
ᠶᠠᠷᠣᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
yordiŋ soir
'common capercaillie'
松鸡
(松雞)
sōng-jī
'pine-fowl/chicken' (1, 2, 4, 5)
西方松鸡
(西方松雞)
xīfāng sōng-jī
'western pine-fowl/chicken' (3. alt in 1, 5)
ヨーロッパオオライチョウ
(ヨーロッパ大雷鳥)
yōroppa ō raichō
'European large thunder-bird'
  Меңіреу құр
meñirew qur
'imbecile grouse'
 
Tetrao urogalloides
Tetrao parvirostris
link to photo
Black-billed capercaillie
Spotted capercaillie

Каменный глухарь
Tetrao parvirostris:
Нургийн сойр
??? ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ
nurgiŋ soir
'nurgin capercaillie' (possibly refers to low sound)
Tetrao parvirostris:
Ар хахилаг
ᠠᠷᠣ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ
ar khakh'lag
'northern capercaillie' (32)
Other:
Хахилаг
ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ
khakh'lag
'capercaillie' (Inner Mongolia)
Tetrao parvirostris:
黑嘴松鸡
(黑嘴松雞)
hēi-zuǐ sōng-jī
'black-billed pine-fowl/chicken'
Tetrao parvirostris:
オオライチョウ
(大雷鳥)
ō raichō
'large thunder-bird'
     
Lyrurus
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Lyrurus tetrix
Tetrao tetrix
link to photolink to photo
Eurasian black grouse
Black grouse

Тетерев,
Косач
Хар хур
ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ
khar khur
'black grouse'
Хур
ᠬᠣᠷ
khur
'grouse' (31, 32)
Mongolia formerly:
Хур
ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ
khur
'grouse'
IM also:
Хур гургуул
ᠬᠣᠷ ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ
khur gurguul
'grouse pheasant' (alt in 31)
Other:
Хура
ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ
khurа
'grouse' (Buryat)
黑琴鸡
(黑琴雞)
hēi qín jī
'black zither-fowl/chicken'
クロライチョウ
(黒雷鳥)
kuro raichō
'black thunder-bird'
멧닭
me-t-dalg
'mountain fowl'
Құр
qur
'grouse'
Orman Horozu
'forest fowl/chicken'
GENERA INCERTAE SEDIS
Perdix
Latin
English/Russian
Mongolian
Inner M
Other M
Chinese
Japanese
Korean
Kazakh
Turkish
Perdix dauurica
link to photo
Daurian partridge

Бородатая куропатка
Дагуур ятуу
ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
daguur yatuu
'Daur partridge'
Торхируу
ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ
torkhiruu
'partridge' (32)
Mongolia formerly:
Дагуурын ятуу
ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
daguuriŋ yatuu
'Daurian partridge'
IM also:
Дагуур ятуу
ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
daguur yatuu
'Daur partridge' (31)
or
Ятуу
ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ
yatuu
'partridge' (alt in 31)
Other:
Дауриин торхируу
ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ
daurin torkhiruu
'Daurian partridge' (Buryat)
斑翅山鹑
(斑翅山鶉)
bān-chì shān-chún
'stripe-winged mountain-quail'
ヤマウズラ
(山鶉)
yama-uzura
'mountain-quail'
  Сақалды шіл
saqaldı şil
'bearded partridge'
 

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全(修订版) 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册(中文版)约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯,合作者:荷芬奇,翻译:卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称(拉丁文、汉文、英文对照)第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

汉蒙名词术语分类词典(自然科学部分) Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990

内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编:旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013

御製五體清文鑑 (yùzhì wǔtǐ qīngwén jiàn) Cyrillic: Хааны бичсэн таван зүилийн үсгээр хавсарсан манж үгний толь бичиг (Mirror of the Manchu language with an overview of five different languages, compiled by the Emperor OR Imperial Pentaglot Manchu Mirror). In three volumes. 民族出版社 1957. Originally completed around 1790, published by 1805.