General names
Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are only tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.
The Japanese word for the falcons is ハヤブサ hayabusa, written with the Chinese character 隼. Unmodified, this technically refers to the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). The first part of the name, haya, is related to the adjective 速い hayai 'fast' referring to the bird's speed.
The name チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō, written 長元坊, is used for several members of the genus Falco, most notably the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). In the tables, チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō is glossed as 'kestrel' in English, although it is somewhat broader in application than the English word 'kestrel'. The etymology of チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō is unknown and the characters used (長元 chōgen = the name of an reign era in the ancient Heian period, 坊 -bō = 'person' in certain words) are probably unrelated to the etymological meaning. Some have suggested a connection to the dialect word さげんぼう sagenbō 'dragonfly'.
Cultural:
In Japanese haiku, the Peregrine Falcon, 隼 hayabusa, is a season word for winter.
The alternative name for the kestrel, マグソダカ (真糞鷹) ma-guso-daka 'true shit hawk' refers to its unsuitability for falconry as a predator of rodents.
Species names
| FALCONINAE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
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| Falco | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Falco naumanni |
Lesser kestrel Faucon crécerellette Rötelfalke Степная пустельга |
ヒメチョウゲンボウ (姫長元坊) hime chōgenbō 'princess kestrel' |
黄爪隼 (黄爪隼) 'yellow-clawed falcon' |
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| Falco tinnunculus |
Common kestrel Eurasian kestrel Kestrel Faucon crécerelle Turmfalke Пустельга обыкновенная |
チョウゲンボウ (長元坊) chōgenbō 'kestrel' |
マグソダカ (真糞鷹) ma-guso-daka 'true shit hawk' |
红隼 (紅隼) 'red falcon' |
(红隼) 紅隼 'red falcon' |
茶隼 (茶鷹) 'tea (brown?) falcon' 红鹰 (紅鷹) 'red hawk' 黄燕 (黃燕) 'yellow swallow' 红鹞子 (紅鷂子) 'red sparrowhawk' |
황조롱이 hwang-jorongi 'yellow sparrowhawk' |
| Falco amurensis |
Amur falcon Eastern red-footed falcon Manchurian red-footed falcon Red-legged falcon Faucon de l'Amour Amurfalke Амурский кобчик |
アカアシチョウゲンボウ (赤足長元坊) aka-ashi chōgenbō 'red-legged kestrel' |
红脚隼 (紅腳隼) 'red-footed falcon' (1, 2, 4, 5) 阿穆尔隼 (阿穆爾隼) 'Amur falcon' (3)  Taxonomy |
(红脚隼) 紅腳隼 'red-footed falcon' |
黑花鹞 (黑花鷂) 'black flowery sparrowhawk' 蚂蚱鹰 (螞蚱鷹) 'locust (dial.) hawk' (also F. subbuteo) 青鹰 (青鷹) 'green/blue hawk' 青燕子 'green/blue swallow' 白指甲鹞 (白指甲鷂) 'white nail sparrowhawk' 红腿鴪隼 (紅腿鴪隼) 'red-legged falcon' |
비둘기조롱이 bidulgi-jorongi 'pigeon sparrowhawk' |
|
| Falco columbarius |
Merlin Faucon émerillon Merlin Дербник |
コチョウゲンボウ (小長元坊) ko chōgenbō 'small kestrel' |
灰背隼 (灰背隼) 'grey-backed falcon' |
(灰背隼) 灰背隼 'grey-backed falcon' |
쇠황조롱이 soe-hwang-jorongi 'small yellow sparrowhawk' |
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| Falco subbuteo |
Eurasian hobby Northern hobby Hobby Faucon hobereau Baumfalke Чеглок, Обыкновенный чеглок |
チゴハヤブサ (稚児隼) chigo hayabusa 'child falcon' |
燕隼 (燕隼) 'swallow falcon' |
(燕隼) 燕隼 'swallow falcon' |
土鹘 (土鶻) 'dirt falcon' (old name) 儿隼 (兒隼) 'child falcon' 青条子 (青條子) 'green/blue stripe' 虫鹞 (蟲鷂) 'insect sparrowhawk' 蚂蚱鹰 (螞蚱鷹) 'locust (dial.) hawk' |
새홀리기 saeholligi 'saeholligi' |
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Falco rusticolus Falco gyrfalco |
Gyr falcon Faucon gerfaut Gerfalke Кречет |
シロハヤブサ (白隼) shiro hayabusa 'white falcon' |
矛隼 (矛隼) 'lance falcon' |
海东青 (海東青) 'sea-east-blue/green/black' (literal) |
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| Falco peregrinus |
Peregrine falcon Faucon pèlerin Wanderfalke Сапсан |
ハヤブサ (隼) hayabusa 'falcon' |
游隼 (遊隼) 'roaming falcon' |
(游隼) 遊隼 'roaming falcon' Taiwan former alternative: (隼) 隼 'falcon' |
鹘 (鶻) 'falcon' (old) 鸭虎 (鴨虎) 'duck tiger' (old) 鸭鹘 (鴨鶻) 'duck falcon' 花梨鹰 (花梨鷹) 'flowery pear hawk' 黑背花梨鸭 (黑背花梨鴨) 'black-backed flowery pear duck' |
매 mae 'hawk' |
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