Falconidae
ハヤブサ科
hayabusa-ka

General

Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

The Japanese word for the falcons is ハヤブサ hayabusa, written with the Chinese character 隼. Unmodified, this technically refers to the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). The first part of the name, haya, is related to the adjective 速い hayai 'fast' referring to the bird's speed.

The name チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō, written 長元坊, is used for several members of the genus Falco, most notably the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). In the tables, チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō is glossed as 'kestrel' in English, although it is somewhat broader in application than the English word 'kestrel'. The etymology of チョウゲンボウ chōgenbō is unknown and the characters used (長元 chōgen = the name of an reign era in the ancient Heian period, 坊 -bō = 'person' in certain words) are probably unrelated to the etymological meaning. Some have suggested a connection to the dialect word さげんぼう sagenbō 'dragonfly'.

CULTURAL

In Japanese haiku, the Peregrine Falcon, 隼 hayabusa, is a season word for winter.

The alternative name for the kestrel, マグソダカ (真糞鷹) ma-guso-daka 'true dung hawk' refers to its unsuitability for falconry as a predator of rodents.

Species names

FALCONINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		JAPANESE		CHINESE			KOREAN
FALCONINI
Falco
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Falco naumanni	Lesser kestrel Faucon crécerellette Rötelfalke Степная пустельга	ヒメチョウゲンボウ (姫長元坊) hime chōgenbō 'princess kestrel'		黄爪隼 (黄爪隼) huáng-zhuǎ sǔn 'yellow-clawed falcon'
Falco tinnunculus	Common kestrel Eurasian kestrel Kestrel Faucon crécerelle Turmfalke Пустельга обыкновенная	チョウゲンボウ (長元坊) chōgenbō 'kestrel'	マグソダカ (真糞鷹) ma-guso-daka 'true dung hawk'	红隼 (紅隼) hóng sǔn 'red falcon'	(红隼) 紅隼 hóng zhǔn 'red falcon'	茶隼 (茶鷹) chá sǔn 'tea (brown?) falcon' 红鹰 (紅鷹) hóng yīng 'red hawk' 黄燕 (黃燕) huáng yàn 'yellow swallow' 红鹞子 (紅鷂子) hóng yàozi 'red sparrowhawk'	황조롱이 hwang-jorongi 'yellow sparrowhawk'
Falco amurensis	Amur falcon Eastern red-footed falcon Manchurian red-footed falcon Red-legged falcon Faucon de l'Amour Amurfalke Амурский кобчик	アカアシチョウゲンボウ (赤足長元坊) aka-ashi chōgenbō 'red-legged kestrel'		红脚隼 (紅腳隼) hóng-jiǎo sǔn 'red-footed falcon' (1, 2, 4, 5) 阿穆尔隼 (阿穆爾隼) āmū'ěr sǔn 'Amur falcon' (3) Taxonomy	(红脚隼) 紅腳隼 hóng-jiǎo zhǔn 'red-footed falcon'	黑花鹞 (黑花鷂) hēi huā yào 'black flowery sparrowhawk' 蚂蚱鹰 (螞蚱鷹) màzha-yīng 'locust (dial.) hawk' (also F. subbuteo) 青鹰 (青鷹) qīng yīng 'green/blue hawk' 青燕子 qīng yànzi 'green/blue swallow' 白指甲鹞 (白指甲鷂) bái zhǐjia yào 'white nail sparrowhawk' 红腿鴪隼 (紅腿鴪隼) hóng-tuǐ yù-zhǔn 'red-legged falcon'	비둘기조롱이 bidulgi-jorongi 'pigeon sparrowhawk'
Falco columbarius	Merlin Faucon émerillon Merlin Дербник	コチョウゲンボウ (小長元坊) ko chōgenbō 'small kestrel'		灰背隼 (灰背隼) huī-bèi sǔn 'grey-backed falcon'	(灰背隼) 灰背隼 huī-bèi zhǔn 'grey-backed falcon'		쇠황조롱이 soe-hwang-jorongi 'small yellow sparrowhawk'
Falco subbuteo	Eurasian hobby Northern hobby Hobby Faucon hobereau Baumfalke Чеглок, Обыкновенный чеглок	チゴハヤブサ (稚児隼) chigo hayabusa 'child falcon'		燕隼 (燕隼) yàn-sǔn 'swallow falcon'	(燕隼) 燕隼 yàn-zhǔn 'swallow falcon'	土鹘 (土鶻) tǔ-hú 'dirt falcon' (old name) 儿隼 (兒隼) ér-sǔn 'child falcon' 青条子 (青條子) qīng-tiáozi 'green/blue stripe' 虫鹞 (蟲鷂) chóng yào 'insect sparrowhawk' 蚂蚱鹰 (螞蚱鷹) màzha-yīng 'locust (dial.) hawk'	새홀리기 saeholligi 'hobby' (sae = 'bird')
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Falco rusticolus Falco gyrfalco	Gyrfalcon Gyr falcon Faucon gerfaut Gerfalke Кречет	シロハヤブサ (白隼) shiro hayabusa 'white falcon'		矛隼 (矛隼) máo-sǔn 'lance falcon'		海东青 (海東青) hǎi-dōng-qīng 'sea-east-green/blue' (literal) 海青 (海青) hǎi-qīng 'sea-green/blue' (literal)
Falco peregrinus	Peregrine falcon Faucon pèlerin Wanderfalke Сапсан	ハヤブサ (隼) hayabusa 'falcon'		游隼 (遊隼) yóu-sǔn 'roaming falcon'	(游隼) 遊隼 yóu zhǔn 'roaming falcon' Taiwan former alternative: (隼) 隼 zhǔn 'falcon'	鹘 (鶻) hú 'falcon' (old) 鸭虎 (鴨虎) yā-hǔ 'duck tiger' (old) 鸭鹘 (鴨鶻) yā-hú 'duck falcon' 花梨鹰 (花梨鷹) huā-lí yīng 'flowery pear hawk' 黑背花梨鸭 (黑背花梨鴨) hēi-bèi huā-lí yā 'black-backed flowery pear duck'	매 mae 'hawk'

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002