General
Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.
In Japanese, there are fairly well established distinctions between eagles, hawks, and other birds in the Accipitrinae. The largest birds (eagles) are called ワシ washi (written 鷲). The smaller raptors are called タカ taka (written 鷹). In a narrow sense, タカ taka refers specifically to the Accipiters or 'true hawks'. The Northern Sparrowhawk is known as ハイタカ hai-taka (written 鷂), the local Japanese Sparrowhawk as ツミ tsumi (written 雀鷹 or 雀鷂).
The kites are known as トビ tobi (written 鳶, also pronounced トンビ tonbi), the buzzards are known as ノスリ nosuri (written 鵟, a character that in Chinese originally referred to a owl or nightjar -- the Japanese usage is an innovation), the buzzard-eagles are known as サシバ sashiba (written 差羽), and the vultures are known as ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald eagles' (written 禿鷲), or more popularly ハゲタカ hage-taka (禿鷹) 'bald hawk'.
The ornithological names in Japanese are:
| Genus | Name |
| Pernis (Honey Buzzards) | ハチクマ hachi-kuma 'bee bear' |
| Milvus (Kites) | トビ tobi |
| Haliaeetus (Sea Eagles) | ワシ washi |
| Aegypius (Vulture) | ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald-eagle' |
| Spilornis (Snake Eagle) | ワシ washi |
| Circus (Harriers) | チュウヒ chūhi |
| Accipiter (Hawks) | タカ taka, ツミ tsumi |
| Butastur (Buzzard) | サシバ sashiba |
| Buteo (Buzzards) | ノスリ nosuri |
| Aquila (Eagles) | ワシ washi |
| Spizaetus (Hawk Eagles) | クマタカ kuma-taka 'bear hawk' |
CULTURAL
The word タカ taka 'hawk' is used in Japanese in the sense of 'warlike hardliner', a usage borrowed from English. Such people are known as 鷹派 taka-ha or 'hawk faction'.
In haiku, 鷹 taka is a season word for winter.
The Japanese expression 鵜の目鷹の目 u no me taka no me 'eyes of a cormorant, eyes of a hawk' refers to looking for something with sharp or keen eyes.
A well-known expression in Japanese is 能ある鷹は爪を隠す nō aru taka wa tsume o kakusu, meaning 'A hawk with ability hides its talons'. A person with truly formidable talents, great ability, or great power does not show them off to get attention. They are brought out only when needed. Can be used as an exhortation, or as praise for a person who quietly listens while others loudly expound their shallow knowledge.
The expression 鳶に油揚げをさらわれる tonbi ni abura-age o sarawareru 'to have fried tofu snatched by a kite' means to have something valuable snatched away from before one's eyes.
Species names
| GYPAETINAE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
||||
| PERNINI | |||||||
| Pernis | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Pernis ptilorhynchus |
East Asian honey buzzard East Asian honey-buzzard Crested honey buzzard Eurasian Honey Buzzard Bondrée East Asiane Schopfwespenbussard Хохлатый осоед |
ハチクマ (蜂角鷹 ~ 蜂熊) hachi-kuma 'bee bear' |
凤头蜂鹰 (鳳頭蜂鷹) 'phoenix-headed bee-hawk' |
(东方蜂鹰) 東方蜂鷹 'eastern bee-hawk' Taiwan formerly: (鵰头鹰) 鵰頭鷹 'eagle-headed hawk' (31) |
八角鹰 (八角鷹) 'eight-horned hawk' 蜜鹰 (蜜鷹) 'honey hawk' 蜂鹰 (蜂鷹) 'bee-hawk' (31) 蜜鵟 (蜂鵟) 'honey buzzard' |
벌매 beol-mae 'bee-hawk' |
|
| ACCIPITRINAE | |||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
||||
| CIRCAETINI | |||||||
| Spilornis | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Spilornis cheela |
Crested serpent eagle Crested serpent-eagle Serpentaire bacha Schlangenweihe Большой хохлатый змееяд, Хохлатый змееяд |
カンムリワシ (冠鷲) kanmuri washi 'crested eagle' |
蛇鵰 (蛇鵰) 'snake-eagle' |
(大冠鹫) 大冠鷲 'large crested vulture'' |
凤头蛇鵰 (鳳頭蛇鵰) 'phoenix-headed snake-eagle' 凤头捕蛇鵰 (鳳頭捕蛇鵰) 'phoenix-headed catch-snake-eagle' 横髻山鵰 (橫髻山鵰) 'cross hair-bun mountain eagle' 白腹蛇鵰 'white-bellied snake-eagle' 麻鹰 (麻鷹) 'hemp hawk' |
관수리 gwan-suri 'crested eagle' |
|
| GYPINI | |||||||
| Aegypius | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Aegypius monachus |
Cinereous vulture Monk vulture Black vulture Vautour moine Mönchsgeier Черный гриф, Бурый гриф |
クロハゲワシ (黒禿鷲) kuro hage-washi 'black bald-eagle' |
秃鹫 (禿鷲) 'bald-vulture' |
(秃鹫) 禿鷲 'bald-vulture' |
狗头鵰 (狗頭鵰) 'dog-headed eagle' 坐山鵰 (坐山雕) 'sit mountain eagle' |
독수리 dok-suri 'dok eagle' (meaning of dok unclear) |
|
| ACCIPITRINI | |||||||
| Nisaetus | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Nisaetus nipalensis Spizaetus nipalensis |
Mountain Hawk Eagle Mountain Hawk-eagle Hodgson's hawk eagle Aigle montagnard Nepalhaubenadler, Bergadler Хохлатый орел |
Spizaetus nipalensis: クマタカ (熊鷹) kuma-taka 'bear hawk' |
Spizaetus nipalensis: 鹰鵰 (鹰鵰) 'hawk eagle' |
Spizaetus nipalensis: (熊鹰) 熊鷹 'bear hawk' |
赫氏角鹰 (赫氏角鷹) 'Mr He's horned hawk' |
뿔매 ppul-mae 'horned hawk' |
|
| Clanga | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Clanga clanga Aquila clanga |
Greater spotted eagle Spotted eagle Aigle criard Schelladler Большой подорлик |
Aquila clanga: カラフトワシ (樺太鷲) karafuto washi 'Sakhalin eagle' |
Aquila clanga: 乌鵰 (烏鵰) 'dark eagle' |
Aquila clanga: (花鵰) 花鵰 'flowery eagle' |
小花皂鵰 (小花皂鵰) 'small flowery black eagle' 团鵰 (團鵰) 'ball eagle' 黑鵰 (黑鵰) 'black eagle' |
항라머리검독수리 hangna-meori-geom-dok-suri 'gauze-headed golden dok eagle' |
|
| Aquila | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Aquila heliaca |
Eastern imperial eagle Imperial eagle Aigle impérial Östliche Kaiseradler Орёл-моги́льник |
カタシロワシ or カタジロワシ (肩白鷲) kata-shiro washi or kata-jiro washi 'white-shouldered eagle' |
白肩鵰 (白肩鵰) 'white-shouldered eagle' |
(白肩鵰) 白肩鵰 'white-shouldered eagle' |
御鵰 (御鵰) 'imperial eagle' |
흰죽지수리 huin-jukji-suri 'white wing-joint eagle' |
|
| Aquila chrysaetos |
Golden eagle Aigle royal Steinadler Беркут |
イヌワシ (犬鷲) inu-washi 'dog eagle' |
金鵰 (金鵰) 'gold eagle' |
企鵰 (企鵰) 'standing eagle' 老鵰 (老鵰) 'old eagle' 鹫鵰 (鷲鵰) 'vulture eagle' (鹫/鷲 is traditionally used for both eagles and vultures) 洁白鵰 (潔白鵰) 'pure white eagle' 红鵰 (紅鵰) 'red eagle' 红头鵰 (紅頭鵰) 'red-headed eagle' 金脖鵰 (金脖鵰) 'gold-necked eagle' |
검독수리 geom-dok-suri 'golden dok eagle' |
||
| Circus | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Circus spilonotus |
Eastern marsh harrier Eastern marsh-harrier Busard d'Orient Mangroveweihe Азиатский лунь |
チュウヒ (沢鵟) chūhi 'harrier' (written 'marsh buzzard') |
白腹鹞 (白腹鷂) 'white-bellied harrier' (鷂 yào traditionally refers to sparrow hawks) |
(东方泽鹞) 東方澤鷂 'eastern marsh harrier (鷂 yào traditionally refers to sparrow hawks) Taiwan formerly: (泽鵟) 澤鵟 'marsh-buzzard' |
泽鹞 (澤鷂) 'marsh sparrowhawk' (alt in 7) 白尾巴根子 (白尾巴根子) 'white tail root' |
개구리매 gaeguri-mae 'frog-hawk' |
|
| Circus cyaneus |
Hen harrier or Northern harrier Busard Saint-Martin Kornweihe Полевой лунь |
ハイイロチュウヒ (灰色沢鵟) hai-iro chūhi 'grey harrier' (chūhi written 'marsh-buzzard') |
白尾鹞 (白尾鷂) 'white-tailed harrier' (鷂 yào traditionally refers to sparrow hawks) |
(灰泽鵟) 灰澤鵟 'grey marsh-buzzard' |
白抓 (白抓) 'white grasp' 灰鹞 (灰鷂) 'grey sparrowhawk' 灰鹰 (灰鷹) 'grey hawk' 鸡鵰 (雞鵰) 'fowl eagle' 鸡鵟 (雞鵟) 'fowl buzzard' |
잿빛개구리매 jaetbit-gaeguri-mae 'grey-coloured frog-hawk' |
|
| Circus melanoleucos |
Pied harrier Busard tchoug Elsterweihe Пегий лунь |
マダラチュウヒ (斑沢鵟) madara chūhi 'pied harrier' (chūhi written 'marsh buzzard') |
鹊鹞 (鵲鷂) 'magpie sparrowhawk' |
(花泽鵟) 花澤鵟 'flowery marsh-buzzard' |
喜鹊鹰 (喜鵲鷹) 'magpie hawk' 客鹊鹰 (客鵲鷹) 'magpie hawk' 客鹊鹞 (客鵲鷂) 'magpie sparrowhawk' 黑白花鵟 (黑白花鵟) 'black (&) white flowery buzzard' |
알락개구리매 allak-gaeguri-mae 'speckled frog-hawk' |
|
| Accipiter | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Accipiter soloensis |
Chinese Sparrowhawk Chinese Goshawk Grey frog hawk Horsfield's goshawk Épervier de Horsfield Froschsperber Короткопалый ястреб |
アカハラダカ (赤腹鷹) aka-hara-daka 'red-bellied hawk' |
赤腹鹰 (赤腹鷹) 'red-bellied hawk' |
(赤腹鹰) 赤腹鷹 'red-bellied hawk' |
鹅鹰 (鵝鷹) 'goose hawk' 红鼻排鲁鹞 (紅鼻排魯鷂) 'red-nosed pailu sparrowhawk' 鲁鹞 (魯鷂) 'Shandong sparrowhawk' |
붉은배새매 bulgeun-bae-sae-mae 'red-bellied bird hawk' |
|
| Accipiter gularis |
Japanese Sparrowhawk Japanese sparrow hawk Japanese lesser sparrow hawk Épervier du Japon Trillersperber Малый перепелятник |
ツミ (雀鷹 ~ 雀鷂) tsumi 'tsumi', written 'sparrow hawk' or 'sparrow sparrowhawk' |
エッサイ (悦哉) essai (male) |
日本松雀鹰 (日本松雀鷹) 'Japanese pine sparrow-hawk' (2, 3, 4, 5)  Taxonomy |
(日本松雀鹰) 日本松雀鷹 'Japanese pine sparrow-hawk' |
조롱이 jorongi 'sparrowhawk' |
|
| Accipiter nisus |
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Northern sparrow hawk Sparrow hawk Épervier d'Europe Sperber Перепелятник, Ястреб-перепелятник, Малый ястреб |
ハイタカ (鷂) hai-taka 'sparrowhawk' |
雀鹰 (雀鷹) 'sparrow hawk' |
(北雀鹰) 北雀鷹 'northern sparrow hawk' |
鹞 (鷂) 'sparrowhawk' 鹞子 (鷂子) 'sparrowhawk' (dial.) 鹞鹰 (鷂鷹) 'sparrowhawk hawk' 老鹰 (老鷹) 'old hawk' (also means 'kite') 老鹞鹰 (老鷂鷹) 'old sparrowhawk hawk' 细胸 (細胸) 'thin chest' 摩鹰 (摩鷹) 'rub hawk' (northern) 朵子 (朵子) 'duozi' (southern) 来鸠 (來鳩) 'lai pigeon' (literary) (see also Butastur indicus) 爽鸠 (爽鳩) 'cool pigeon' 鸱 (鴟) 'hawk' (classical) |
새매 sae-mae 'bird hawk' |
|
| Accipiter gentilis |
Northern goshawk Goshawk Autour des palombes Habicht Тетеревятник, Ястреб-тетеревятник |
オオタカ (大鷹) ō taka 'large hawk' |
苍鹰 (蒼鷹) 'darkblue hawk' |
(苍鹰) 蒼鷹 'darkblue hawk' |
黄鹰 (黃鷹) 'yellow hawk' 鸡鹰 (雞鷹) 'fowl/chicken hawk' 鹞鹰 (鷂鷹) 'sparrowhawk hawk' (also means 'sparrow hawk', 'kite') 芽鹰 (芽鷹) 'bud hawk' |
참매 cham-mae 'sparrow hawk' |
|
| Haliaeetus | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Haliaeetus albicilla |
White-tailed sea eagle White-tailed eagle Pygargue à queue blanche Seeadler Орлан-долгохвост |
オジロワシ (尾白鷲) o-jiro washi 'white-tailed eagle' |
白尾海鵰 (白尾海鵰) 'white-tailed sea-eagle' |
(白尾海鵰) 白尾海鵰 'white-tailed sea-eagle' Taiwan formerly: (白尾鷲) 白尾鷲 'white-tailed vulture'' |
白尾鵰 (白尾鵰) 'white-tailed eagle' 洁白鵰 (潔白鵰) 'pure/clean white eagle' (also Golden Eagle) 芝麻鵰 (芝麻鵰) 'sesame eagle' |
흰꼬리수리 huin-kkori-suri 'white-tailed eagle' |
|
| Haliaeetus pelagicus |
Steller's sea eagle Steller's sea-eagle Kamchatkan sea eagle Pygargue empereur Riesenseeadler, Meeradler Белоплечий орлан |
オオワシ (大鷲) ō-washi 'large eagle' |
虎头海鵰 (虎頭海鵰) 'tiger-headed sea-eagle' |
虎头鵰 (虎頭鵰) 'tiger-headed eagle' |
참수리 cham-suri 'true eagle' |
||
| Milvus | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Milvus migrans |
Black kite Milan noir Schwarzmilan Коршун черный |
トビ (鳶) tobi 'kite' |
トンビ (鳶) tonbi 'kite' |
黑鸢 (黑鳶) 'black kite' or 鸢 (鳶) 'kite' (alt in 1, 5) |
(黑鸢) 黑鳶 'black kite' Taiwan formerly: (老鹰) 老鷹 'old hawk' Taxonomy |
老鸢 (老鳶) 'old kite' (southern) 鹞鹰 (鷂鷹) 'sparrowhawk hawk' (inf) (also means 'sparrow hawk', 'goshawk') 额力也 (額力也) eliye (from Mongolian элээ) (regional - northeast) |
솔개 solgae 'solgae' Taxonomy |
| Butastur | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Butastur indicus |
Grey-faced buzzard Grey-faced buzzard eagle Busautour à joues grises Kiefernteesa, Graugesichtbussard Ястребиный сарыч |
サシバ (差羽 ~ 鸇) sashi-ba 'buzzard-eagle' |
灰脸鵟鹰 (灰臉鵟鷹) 'grey-faced buzzard-hawk' |
(灰面鵟鹰) 灰面鵟鷹 'grey-faced buzzard-hawk' Taiwan formerly: (灰面鹫) 灰面鷲 'grey-faced vulture'' |
来鸟鸠 (來鳥鳩) 'come bird pigeon?' 屎鹰 (屎鷹) 'dung hawk' 三春鹞 (三春鷂) 'three spring sparrowhawk' |
왕새매 wang-sae-mae 'king bird hawk' |
|
| Buteo | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Buteo lagopus |
Rough-legged Buzzard or Rough-legged Hawk Buse pattue Rauhfußbussard Зимняк |
オオケアシノスリ (大毛足鵟) ō ke-ashi nosuri 'large hair-legged buzzard' |
毛脚鵟 (毛腳鵟) 'hair-legged buzzard' |
(毛足鵟) 毛足鵟 'hair-legged buzzard' |
털발말똥가리 teol-bal-malttonggari 'fur-footed buzzard' |
||
| Buteo buteo |
Eurasian buzzard Common buzzard Buzzard Buse variable Mäusebussard Канюк обыкновенный, Сарыч |
ノスリ (鵟) nosuri 'buzzard' |
クソトビ (糞鳶) kuso-tobi 'dung kite' |
普通鵟 (普通鵟) 'common buzzard' |
(鵟) 鵟 'buzzard' |
土豹 (土豹) 'dirt panther' 鶙鵳 (鶙鵳) 'tijian' 鸡姆鹞 (雞母鷂) 'fowl mother sparrowhawk' |
말똥가리 malttonggari 'buzzard' |
| Buteo hemilasius |
Upland buzzard Buse de Chine Mongolenbussard, Hochlandbussard Мохноногий курганник |
オオノスリ (大鵟) ō nosuri 'large buzzard' |
大鵟 (大鵟) 'large buzzard' |
(大鵟) 大鵟 'large buzzard' |
豪豹 (豪豹) 'bold panther' 花豹 (花豹) 'flowery panther' 白路豹 (白路豹) 'white road (bailu) panther' (cf Accipiter soloensis) |
큰말똥가리 keun-malttonggari 'large buzzard' |
|
The word ハチクマ hachi-kuma literally 'bee-bear' is written in Chinese characters as 1. 蜂角鷹 'bee horned hawk' or 2. 蜂熊 'bee bear'.
The distinction between 'eagle' and 'vulture' in Chinese is a relatively recent one. The character 鹫 is traditionally used for both eagles and vultures.
The etymology of サシバ sashiba' is unknown. In Chinese characters it is usually written 1) 差羽, where the verb 差す sasu has a very broad range of meanings, including 'to point', and 羽, here read ba, means 'wing' or 'feather', or 2) 鸇, an ancient Chinese raptor name.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
香港及華南鳥類（第六版）（翻譯成中文及重新修訂） 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
Floating Menu by Milonic |
Tool tips by Walter Zorn |
