General names
Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are only tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.
The starlings are known in Japanese as ムクドリ muku-dori 'muku birds', written 椋鳥. The name comes from the White-cheeked Starling's habit of eating the sweet fruit of the muku tree (椋の木), Aphananthe aspera, helping spread the tree's seeds. Unqualified, the name ムクドリ muku-dori refers to Sturnus cineraceus, the White-cheeked Starling.
The name 椋鳥 has been adopted without change into Chinese, although the character 椋 is normally used for a different kind of plant in China, Cornus macrophylla (Large-leafed Dogwood, Japanese クマノムズキ kumano-mizuki).
The mynahs are known as ハッカチョウ hakka-chō 'hakka bird' or ハッカ hakka. These words originate in Chinese 八哥 and are written 八哥鳥 hakka-chō or 八哥 hakka in Chinese characters. The name ハッカチョウ hakka-chō is probably better known to ornithologists than the general public.
Although not native to Japan, the Southern Grackle or Hill Mynah (Gracula religiosa) is well known to the Japanese as the キュウカンチョウ kyūkan-chō, written 九官鳥. The name reflects the bird's call. (The characters 九官 kyūkan can mean 'ninth rank'. According to one explanation, this came about because the bird was considered to come below the eight ranks of the ancient Chinese bureaucracy but above ordinary commoners).
Species names
ABOUT THIS TABLE (Hover cursor to see) | STURNINAE | |||||||
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SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
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| Acridotheres | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
Crested myna Chinese jungle mynah Martin huppé Haubenmaina |
ハッカチョウ (八哥鳥) hakka-chō 'mynah bird' (from Chinese) |
ハハチョウ (叭叭鳥） haha-chō 'haha bird' カーレン (加令) kāren karen, probably from Chinese (Taiwanese subspecies) コキュウカンチョウ (小九官鳥) ko kyūkan-chō 'small nine-rank bird' |
八哥 (八哥) 'mynah' (bage = 'literally eight big-brother', from shape of wing markings) |
(八哥) 八哥 'mynah' (bage = 'literally eight big-brother', from shape of wing markings) |
鸲鹆 (鴝鵒) 'quyu' 牛背鹩 (牛背鷯) 'ox-back liao' (cf liaoge below) 鹦鹆 (鸚鵒) 'parrot mynah' 寒皋 (寒皋) 'cold riverbank' (literal meaning) 华华 (華華) 'splendid splendid' (literal meaning) |
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| Sturnus | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Sturnus sturninus Sturnia sturnina Agropsar sturninus |
Purple-backed starling or Daurian starling Étourneau de Daourie Mongolenstar Малый cкворец |
シベリアムクドリ (シベリア椋鳥) shiberia muku-dori 'Siberian muku-bird' |
北椋鸟 (北椋鳥) 'northern dogwood-bird' |
(北椋鸟) 北椋鳥 'northern dogwood-bird' |
북방쇠찌르레기 bukbang-soe-jjireuregi 'northern small starling' |
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| Sturnus philippensis Sturnia philippensis Agropsar philippensis |
Chestnut-cheeked starling Violet-backed starling Étourneau à joues marron Violettrückenstar Японский скворец |
コムクドリ (小椋鳥) ko muku-dori 'small muku-bird' |
Numerous local names - See Hiraizumi | 紫背椋鸟 (紫背椋鳥) 'purple-backed dogwood-bird' |
(小椋鸟) 小椋鳥 'small dogwood-bird' |
쇠찌르레기 soe-jjireuregi 'small starling' |
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| Sturnus sinensis Sturnia sinensis |
White-shouldered starling Chinese starling Grey-backed starling Étourneau mandarin Mandarinstar Серый скворец |
カラムクドリ (唐椋鳥) kara muku-dori 'Chinese muku-bird' |
灰背椋鸟 (灰背椋鳥) 'grey-backed dogwood-bird' |
(灰背椋鸟) 灰背椋鳥 'grey-backed dogwood-bird' (噪林鸟) 噪林鳥 'noisy forest bird' (former official name) |
잿빛쇠찌르레기 jaetbit-soe-jjireuregi 'ash-coloured small starling' |
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| Sturnus sericeus Spodiopsar sericeus |
Red-billed starling Silky starling Étourneau soyeux Seidenstar |
ギンムクドリ (銀椋鳥) gin muku-dori 'silver muku-bird' |
丝光椋鸟 (絲光椋鳥) 'silk-light dogwood-bird' |
(丝光椋鸟) 絲光椋鳥 'silk-light dogwood-bird' |
붉은부리찌르레기 bulgeun-buri-jjireuregi 'red-billed starling' |
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| Sturnus cineraceus Spodiopsar cineraceus |
White-cheeked starling Grey starling Ashy starling Étourneau gris Graustar Серый скворец |
ムクドリ (椋鳥) muku-dori 'muku-bird' |
ハクトウオウ (白頭翁) hakutō-ō 'white-haired grandfather' Numerous local names - See Hiraizumi |
灰椋鸟 (灰椋鳥) 'grey dogwood-bird' |
(灰椋鸟) 灰椋鳥 'grey dogwood-bird' |
高梁头 (高粱頭) 'gaoliang head' 管莲子 (管蓮子) 'guanlianzi (pipe lotus?)' 竹雀 (竹雀) 'bamboo sparrow' 假画眉 (假畫眉) 'false hwamei' 杜丽雀 (杜麗雀) 'cuckoo? beautiful sparrow' |
찌르레기 jjireuregi 'starling' |
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Sturnus vulgaris |
European starling Common starling Purple-winged starling Étourneau sansonnet Star Обыкновенный скворец |
ホシムクドリ (星椋鳥) hoshi muku-dori 'starred muku-bird' |
紫翅椋鸟 (紫翅椋鳥) 'purple-winged dogwood-bird' |
(欧洲椋鸟) 歐洲椋鳥 'European dogwood-bird' |
欧椋鸟 (歐椋鳥) 'European dogwood-bird' 欧洲八哥 (歐洲八哥) 'European mynah' |
흰점찌르레기 huin-jeom-jjireuregi 'white-spotted starling' |
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