Rallidae
クイナ科
kuina ka

General names

Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are only tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.

The rails are called クイナ kuina in Japanese. In Chinese characters, this is written either 秧鶏 'seedling fowl' or 水鶏 'water-fowl/chicken', based on Chinese names. Kuina by itself now refers to the Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus), although in traditional poetry it referred to the Ruddy-breasted Crake (Porzana fusca).

The Moorhen and the Coot are known as バン ban, written 鷭. Although this character is from Chinese, it is not clear what kind of bird it referred to. Its application to these two birds appears to be of Japanese origin.

The humble Okinawa Rail has achieved celebrity status in Japan as a symbol of endangered wildlife. There are no doubt plenty of people out there who don't have much idea what a kuina is but have heard of the Yanbaru Kuina.

Species names

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SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		JAPANESE		CHINESE			KOREAN
Coturnicops
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Coturnicops exquisitus Porzana exquisita	Swinhoe's rail or Swinhoe's crake Swinhoe's yellow rail Râle de Swinhoe Mandschurensumpfhuhn Белокрылый погоныш	シマクイナ (縞秧鶏 ~ 縞水鶏) shima kuina 'striped rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		花田鸡 (花田雞) huā tián-jī 'flowery paddy-fowl/chicken'		小翅田鸡 (小翅田雞) xiǎo-chì tián-jī 'small-winged paddy-fowl/chicken'	알락뜸부기 allak-tteumbugi 'spotted rail'
Rallina
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Rallina eurizonoides	Slaty-legged crake Banded crake Râle de forêt Hinduralle Полосатый каштановый пастушок	オオクイナ (大秧鶏 ~ 大水鶏) ō kuina 'large rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		白喉斑秧鸡 (白喉斑秧雞) bái-hóu bān yāng-jī 'white-throated striped seedling-fowl/chicken'	(灰脚秧鸡) 灰腳秧雞 huī-jiǎo yāng-jī 'grey-legged seedling-fowl/chicken' Former Taiwan official: (灰腿秧鸡) 灰腿秧雞 huī-tuǐ yāng-jī 'grey-legged seedling-fowl/chicken'
Gallirallus
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Gallirallus okinawae Rallus okinawae	Okinawa rail Râle d'Okinawa Okinawaralle Окинавский пастушок	ヤンバルクイナ (山原秧鶏 ~ 山原水鶏) yanbaru kuina 'Yanbaru rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese) (Yanbaru is an area in Okinawa. The characters mean 'mountain field')		冲绳秧鸡 (沖繩秧雞) chōngshéng yāng-jī 'Okinawan seedling-fowl/chicken'
Rallus
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Rallus aquaticus Rallina aquatica	Water rail Râle d'eau Wasserralle Пастушок	クイナ (秧鶏 ~ 水鶏) kuina 'rail' (written 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)	フユクイナ (冬秧鶏 ~ 冬水鶏) fuyu kuina 'winter rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)	普通秧鸡 (普通秧雞) pǔtōng yāng-jī 'common seedling-fowl/chicken'	(秧鸡) 秧雞 yāng-jī 'seedling-fowl/chicken'	秋鸡 (秋雞) qiū-jī 'autumn fowl/chicken' 水鸡 (水雞) shuǐ-jī 'water-fowl/chicken'	흰눈썹뜸부기 huin-nunsseop-tteumbugi 'white-eyebrowed rail'
Amaurornis
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Amaurornis phoenicurus	White-breasted waterhen White-breasted water hen Râle à poitrine blanche Weißbrust-Kielralle Белогрудый погоныш	シロハラクイナ (白腹秧鶏 ~ 白腹水鶏) shiro-hara kuina 'white-bellied rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		白胸苦恶鸟 (白胸苦惡鳥) bái-xiōng kǔ-è-niǎo 'white-breasted kǔ-è bird' (onomat. kǔ-è is written 'bitter evil')	(白腹秧鸡) 白腹秧雞 bái-fù yāng-jī 'white-bellied seedling-fowl/chicken'	白胸秧鸡 (白胸秧雞) bái-xiōng yāng-jī 'white-breasted seedling-fowl/chicken' (7) 苦恶鸟 (苦惡鳥) kǔ-è-niǎo 'kǔ-è bird' (onomat. kǔ-è is written 'bitter evil') 白胸秧鸟 (白胸秧雞) bái-xiōng yāng-niǎo 'white-breasted seedling-bird' 白脸秧鸡 (白臉秧雞) bái-liǎn yāng-jī 'white-faced seedling-fowl/chicken' 白面鸡 (白面雞) bái-miàn-jī 'white-faced fowl' 白胸黑水鸡 (白胸黑水雞) bái-xiōng hēi shuǐ-jī 'white-breasted black water-fowl/chicken' (='white-breasted moorhen') 姑恶鸡 (姑惡雞) gū-è-jī 'mother-in-law evil fowl' (gū-è onomat.)	흰배뜸부기 huin-bae-tteumbugi 'white-bellied rail'
Porzana
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Porzana pusilla	Baillon's crake Marouette de Baillon Zwergsumpfhuhn Погоныш-крошка	ヒメクイナ (姫水鶏 ~ 姫秧鶏) hime kuina 'princess rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		小田鸡 (小田雞) xiǎo tián-jī 'small paddy-fowl/chicken'	(小秧鸡) 小秧雞 xiǎo yāng-jī 'small seedling-fowl/chicken'		쇠뜸부기 soe-tteumbugi 'small rail'
Porzana fusca	Ruddy-breasted crake Ruddy crake Marouette brune Zimtsumpfhuhn Красноногий погоныш	ヒクイナ (緋秧鶏 ~ 緋水鶏) hi-kuina 'scarlet rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)	クイナ (秧鶏 ~ 水鶏) kuina 'rail' (written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese) (ancient literature)	红胸田鸡 (紅胸田雞) hóng-xiōng tián-jī 'red-breasted paddy-fowl/chicken'	(绯秧鸡) 緋秧雞 fēi yāng-jī 'scarlet seedling-fowl/chicken'		쇠뜸부기사촌 soe-tteumbugi-sachon 'small rail cousin'
Porzana cinerea	White-browed crake White-browed rail Marouette grise Weißbrauen-Sumpfhuhn Белобровый погоныш	マミジロクイナ (眉白秧鶏 ~ 眉白水鶏) mami-jiro-kuina 'white-eyebrowed rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		白眉田鸡 (白眉田雞) bái-méi tián-jī 'white-eyebrowed paddy-fowl/chicken' (2, 4) 白眉秧鸡 (白眉秧雞) bái-méi yāng-jī 'white-eyebrowed seedling-fowl/chicken' (3) 灰田鸡 (灰田雞) huī tián-jī 'grey paddy-fowl/chicken' (5)	(白眉秧鸡) 白眉秧雞 bái-méi yāng-jī 'white-eyebrowed seedling-fowl/chicken'
Gallicrex
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Gallicrex cinerea	Watercock Water cock Râle à crête Wasserhahn Камышница рогатая	ツルクイナ (鶴秧鶏 ~ 鶴水鶏) tsuru-kuina 'crane rail' (kuina written 1. 'seedling-fowl/chicken' or 2. 'water-fowl/chicken', from Chinese)		董鸡 (董雞) dǒng-jī 'dong fowl/chicken'	(董鸡) 董雞 dǒng-jī 'dong fowl/chicken'		뜸부기 tteumbugi 'rail'
Gallinula
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Gallinula chloropus	Common moorhen Moorhen Common gallinule Gallinule poule-d'eau Teichhuhn Камышница	バン (鷭) ban 'coot'		黑水鸡 (黑水雞) hēi shuǐ-jī 'black water-fowl/chicken' or 红骨顶 (紅骨頂) hóng gǔ-dǐng 'red bone top' (Alternative in 1, 3, 5)	(红冠水鸡) 紅冠水雞 hóng-guān shuǐ-jī 'red-crested water-fowl/chicken'	小鷭 (小鷭) xiǎo fán 'small fan'	쇠물닭 soe-mul-dalg 'small water-fowl/chicken'
Fulica
Latin	Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru	Japanese	Other J	Chinese	Chinese (Taiwan)	Other Ch	Korean
Fulica atra	Common coot or Eurasian coot Black coot Coot Foulque macroule Bläßhuhn Лысуха	オオバン (大鷭) ō ban 'large coot'		白骨顶 (白骨頂) bái gǔ-dǐng 'white bone top' or 骨顶鸡 (骨頂雞) gǔ-dǐng jī 'bone top fowl' (Alternative in 1, 3)	(白冠鸡) 白冠雞 bái-guān jī 'white-crested fowl'	大鷭 (大鷭) dà fán 'large fan' 水姑顶 (水姑頂) shuǐ gū dǐng 'water mother-in-law top' (North) 水姑丁 (水姑丁) shuǐ gū dīng 'water mother-in-law ding' (North) 冬鸡 (冬雞) dōng jī 'winter fowl' (South)	물닭 mul-dalg 'water-fowl/chicken'

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