General names
The Japanese name of the Osprey is ミサゴ misago, written 鶚. It is also known as ウオタカ uo-taka 'fish hawk' 魚鷹.
In Japanese, there are fairly well established distinctions between eagles, hawks, and other birds in the Accipitrinae. The largest birds ('eagles') are called ワシ washi (written 鷲). The smaller raptors are called タカ taka (written 鷹). In a narrow sense, タカ taka refers specifically to the Accipiters or 'true hawks'. The Northern Sparrowhawk is known as ハイタカ hai-taka (written 鷂), the local Japanese Sparrowhawk as ツミ tsumi (written 雀鷹 or 雀鷂).
The kites are known as トビ tobi (written 鳶, often pronounced トンビ tonbi), the buzzards are known as ノスリ nosuri (written 鵟, a character that in Chinese originally referred to a owl or nightjar -- the Japanese usage is an innovation), the buzzard-eagles are known as サシバ sashiba (written 差羽), and the vultures are known as ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald eagles' (written 禿鷲), or more popularly ハゲタカ hage-taka (禿鷹) 'bald hawk'.
The official names in Japanese are:
| Genus |
Name |
| Pandion (Osprey) |
ミサゴ misago |
| Pernis (Honey Buzzards) |
ハチクマ hachi-kuma 'bee bear' |
| Milvus (Kites) |
トビ tobi |
| Haliaeetus (Sea Eagles) |
ワシ washi |
| Aegypius (Vulture) |
ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald eagle' |
| Spilornis (Snake Eagle) |
ワシ washi |
| Circus (Harriers) |
チュウヒ chūhi |
| Accipiter (Hawks) |
タカ taka, ツミ tsumi |
| Butastur (Buzzard) |
サシバ sashiba |
| Buteo (Buzzards) |
ノスリ nosuri |
| Aquila (Eagles) |
ワシ washi |
| Spizaetus (Hawk Eagles) |
クマタカ kuma-taka 'bear hawk' |
The word for 'hawk' is used in Japanese in the sense of 'warlike hardliner', a usage borrowed from English. Such people are known as 鷹派 taka-ha or 'hawk faction'.
In haiku, the hawk or 鷹 taka is a season word for winter.
The Japanese expression 鵜の目鷹の目 u no me taka no me 'eyes of a cormorant, eyes of a hawk' refers to looking for something with sharp or keen eyes.
A well-known expression in Japanese is 能ある鷹は爪を隠す Nō aru taka wa tsume o kakusu, meaning 'A hawk with ability hides its talons'. A person with truly formidable talents, great ability, or great power does not show them off to get attention. They are brought out only when needed. Can be used as an exhortation, or as praise for a person who quietly listens while others loudly expound their shallow knowledge.
Species names
| PANDIONINAE |
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Pandion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pandion haliaetus
 |
Osprey
Balbuzard pêcheur
Fischadler
Скопа |
ミサゴ
(鶚)
misago
'osprey' |
ウオタカ
(魚鷹)
uo-taka
'fish hawk'
ショキュウ
(雎鳩)
shokyū
スドリ
(州鳥)
su-dori
'sand bank bird' |
鹗 (鶚)
è
'osprey'
or
鱼鹰 (魚鷹)
yú-yīng
'fish hawk'
(Alternative in 1, 5)
|
魚鷹
yú-yīng
'fish hawk' |
|
물수리
mul-suri
'water eagle' |
|
| |
| ACCIPITRINAE |
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Pernis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pernis ptilorhynchus |
Oriental honey buzzard
Oriental honey-buzzard
Crested honey buzzard
Eurasian Honey Buzzard
Bondrée orientale
Schopfwespenbussard
Хохлатый осоед |
ハチクマ
(蜂角鷹 or 蜂熊)
hachi-kuma
'bee bear' (written 'bee horned hawk' or 'bee bear' in characters) |
|
凤头蜂鹰 (鳳頭蜂鷹)
fèng-tóu fēng-yīng
'phoenix-headed bee hawk'
|
東方蜂鷹
dōngfāng fēng-yīng
'eastern bee hawk'
鵰頭鷹
diāo-tóu-yīng
'eagle-headed hawk' (former official name) |
八角鹰 (八角鷹)
bā-jiǎo-yīng
'eight-horned hawk'
蜜鹰 (蜜鷹)
mì-yīng
'honey hawk'
蜂鹰 (蜂鷹)
fēng-yīng
'bee hawk'
蜜鵟
mì-kuáng
'honey buzzard' |
벌매
beol-mae
'bee hawk' |
| Milvus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Milvus migrans
|
Black kite
Milan noir
Schwarzmilan
Коршун черный |
トビ
(鳶)
tobi
'kite' |
トンビ
(鳶)
tonbi
'kite' |
黑鸢 (黑鳶)
hēi yuān
'black kite'
or
鸢 (鳶)
yuān
'kite' (Alternative in 1, 5)
|
黑鳶
hēi yuān
'black kite'
老鷹
lǎo-yīng
'old hawk' (former official name)
 Note |
老鸢 (老鳶)
lǎo yuān
'old kite' (south)
鹞鹰 (鷂鷹)
yào-yīng
'yao hawk' (inf) (also means 'sparrow hawk', 'goshawk')
额力也 (額力也)
élìyě
eliye (from Mongolian элээ)
(regional - northeast) |
솔개
solgae
'solgae'
Note |
| Haliaeetus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Haliaeetus albicilla
|
White-tailed sea eagle
White-tailed eagle
Pygargue à queue blanche
Seeadler
Орлан-долгохвост |
オジロワシ
(尾白鷲)
o-jiro washi
'white-tailed eagle' |
|
白尾海鵰
bái-wěi hǎi-diāo
'white-tailed sea eagle'
|
白尾海鵰
bái-wěi hǎi-diāo
'white-tailed sea eagle'
白尾鷲
bái-wěi jiù
'white-tailed eagle/vulture' (former official name) |
白尾鵰
bái-wěi diāo
'white-tailed eagle'
洁白鵰 (潔白鵰)
jié-bái diāo
'pure/clean white eagle' (also Golden Eagle)
芝麻鵰
zhīmá diāo
'sesame eagle' |
흰꼬리수리
huin-kkori-suri
'white-tailed eagle' |
Haliaeetus pelagicus
|
Steller's sea eagle
Steller's sea-eagle
Kamchatkan sea eagle
Pygargue empereur
Riesenseeadler,
Meeradler
Белоплечий орлан
|
オオワシ
(大鷲)
ō-washi
'large eagle' |
|
虎头海鵰 (虎頭海鵰)
hǔ-tóu hǎi-diāo
'tiger-headed sea eagle' |
|
虎头鵰 (虎頭鵰)
hǔ-tóu diāo
'tiger-headed eagle' |
참수리
cham-suri
'true eagle' |
| Aegypius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aegypius monachus
|
Cinereous vulture
Monk vulture
Black vulture
Vautour moine
Mönchsgeier
Черный гриф,
Бурый гриф |
クロハゲワシ
(黒禿鷲)
kuro hage-washi
'black bald eagle' |
|
秃鹫 (禿鷲)
tū-jiù
'bald vulture'
|
禿鷲
tū-jiù
'bald vulture' |
狗头鵰 (狗頭鵰)
gǒu-tóu-diāo
'dog-headed eagle'
座山鵰 (座山雕)
zuò-shān-diāo
'sit mountain eagle' |
독수리
dok-suri
'dok eagle' (meaning of dok unclear) |
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
| Spilornis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spilornis cheela
|
Crested serpent eagle
Crested serpent-eagle
Serpentaire bacha
Schlangenweihe
Большой хохлатый змееяд,
Хохлатый змееяд |
カンムリワシ
(冠鷲)
kanmuri washi
'crested eagle' |
|
蛇鵰
shé-diāo
'snake eagle'
|
大冠鷲
dà guàn-jiù
'great crested eagle/vulture' |
凤头蛇鵰 (鳳頭蛇鵰)
fèng-tóu shé-diāo
'phoenix-headed snake-eagle'
凤头捕蛇鵰 (鳳頭捕蛇鵰)
fèng-tóu bǔ-shé-diāo
'phoenix-headed catch-snake-eagle'
横髻山鵰 (橫髻山鵰)
héng-jì shān-diāo
'cross hair-bun mountain eagle'
白腹蛇鵰
bái-fù shé-diāo
'white-bellied snake eagle'
麻鹰 (麻鷹)
má yīng
'hemp hawk' |
관수리
gwan-suri
'crested eagle' |
| Circus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Circus spilonotus
|
Eastern marsh harrier
Eastern marsh-harrier
Busard d'Orient
Mangroveweihe
Азиатский лунь |
チュウヒ
(沢鵟)
chūhi
'harrier' (written 'marsh buzzard') |
|
白腹鹞 (白腹鷂)
bái-fù yào
'white-bellied yao'
|
東方澤鷂
dōngfāng zé-yào
'eastern marsh yao'
澤鵟
zé-kuáng
'marsh-buzzard' (former official name) |
泽鹞 (澤鷂)
zé yào
'marsh yao' (Alternative in 7)
白尾巴根子
bái-wěibā gēnzi
'white-tail root' |
개구리매
gaeguri-mae
'frog hawk' |
Circus cyaneus
|
Hen harrier
or
Northern harrier
Busard Saint-Martin
Kornweihe
Полевой лунь |
ハイイロチュウヒ
(灰色沢鵟)
hai-iro chūhi
'grey harrier' |
|
白尾鹞 (白尾鷂)
bái-wěi yào
'white-tailed yao'
|
灰澤鵟
huī zé-kuáng
'grey marsh-buzzard' |
白抓
bái zhuā
'white grasper'
灰鹞 (灰鷂)
huī yào
'grey yao'
灰鹰 (灰鷹)
huī yīng
'grey hawk'
鸡鵰 (雞鵰)
jī-diāo
'fowl eagle'
鸡鵟 (雞鵟)
jī-kuáng
'fowl buzzard' |
잿빛개구리매
jaetbit-gaeguri-mae
'grey-coloured frog hawk' |
| Circus melanoleucos |
Pied harrier
Busard tchoug
Elsterweihe
Пегий лунь |
マダラチュウヒ
(斑沢鵟)
madara chūhi
'pied harrier' |
|
鹊鹞 (鵲鷂)
què-yào
'magpie yao'
|
花澤鵟
huā zé-kuáng
'flowery marsh-buzzard' |
喜鹊鹰 (喜鵲鷹)
xǐ-què yīng
'magpie hawk'
客鹊鹰 (客鵲鷹)
kè-què yīng
'magpie hawk'
客鹊鹞 (客鵲鷂)
kè-què yào
'magpie yao'
黑白花鵟
hēi-bái huā kuáng
'black-white flowery buzzard' |
알락개구리매
allak-gaeguri-mae
'speckled frog hawk' |
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
|
