General names
Information is based on dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are only tentative. Comments and corrections welcome.
The Japanese name of the Osprey is ミサゴ misago, written 鶚. It is also known as ウオタカ uo-taka 'fish hawk' 魚鷹.
In Japanese, there are fairly well established distinctions between eagles, hawks, and other birds in the Accipitrinae. The largest birds (eagles) are called ワシ washi (written 鷲). The smaller raptors are called タカ taka (written 鷹). In a narrow sense, タカ taka refers specifically to the Accipiters or 'true hawks'. The Northern Sparrowhawk is known as ハイタカ hai-taka (written 鷂), the local Japanese Sparrowhawk as ツミ tsumi (written 雀鷹 or 雀鷂).
The kites are known as トビ tobi (written 鳶, also pronounced トンビ tonbi), the buzzards are known as ノスリ nosuri (written 鵟, a character that in Chinese originally referred to a owl or nightjar -- the Japanese usage is an innovation), the buzzard-eagles are known as サシバ sashiba (written 差羽), and the vultures are known as ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald eagles' (written 禿鷲), or more popularly ハゲタカ hage-taka (禿鷹) 'bald hawk'.
The official names in Japanese are:
| Genus |
Name |
| Pandion (Osprey) |
ミサゴ misago |
| Pernis (Honey Buzzards) |
ハチクマ hachi-kuma 'bee bear' |
| Milvus (Kites) |
トビ tobi |
| Haliaeetus (Sea Eagles) |
ワシ washi |
| Aegypius (Vulture) |
ハゲワシ hage-washi 'bald-eagle' |
| Spilornis (Snake Eagle) |
ワシ washi |
| Circus (Harriers) |
チュウヒ chūhi |
| Accipiter (Hawks) |
タカ taka, ツミ tsumi |
| Butastur (Buzzard) |
サシバ sashiba |
| Buteo (Buzzards) |
ノスリ nosuri |
| Aquila (Eagles) |
ワシ washi |
| Spizaetus (Hawk Eagles) |
クマタカ kuma-taka 'bear hawk' |
Cultural:
The word タカ taka 'hawk' is used in Japanese in the sense of 'warlike hardliner', a usage borrowed from English. Such people are known as 鷹派 taka-ha or 'hawk faction'.
In haiku, 鷹 taka is a season word for winter.
The Japanese expression 鵜の目鷹の目 u no me taka no me 'eyes of a cormorant, eyes of a hawk' refers to looking for something with sharp or keen eyes.
A well-known expression in Japanese is 能ある鷹は爪を隠す nō aru taka wa tsume o kakusu, meaning 'A hawk with ability hides its talons'. A person with truly formidable talents, great ability, or great power does not show them off to get attention. They are brought out only when needed. Can be used as an exhortation, or as praise for a person who quietly listens while others loudly expound their shallow knowledge.
The expression 鳶に油揚げをさらわれる tonbi ni abura-age o sarawareru 'to have fried tofu snatched by a kite' means to have something valuable snatched away from before one's eyes.
Species names
| PANDIONINAE |
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
| Pandion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Pandion haliaetus
 |
Osprey
Balbuzard pêcheur
Fischadler
Скопа |
ミサゴ
(鶚)
misago
'osprey' |
ウオタカ
(魚鷹)
uo-taka
'fish hawk'
ショキュウ
(雎鳩)
shokyū
スドリ
(州鳥)
su-dori
'sand bank bird' |
鹗
(鶚)
è
'osprey'
or
鱼鹰
(魚鷹)
yú-yīng
'fish hawk'
(Alternative in , )
|
(鱼鹰)
魚鷹
yú-yīng
'fish hawk' |
|
물수리
mul-suri
'water eagle' |
|
| |
| ACCIPITRINAE |
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
| Pernis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Pernis ptilorhynchus
|
Oriental honey buzzard
Oriental honey-buzzard
Crested honey buzzard
Eurasian Honey Buzzard
Bondrée orientale
Schopfwespenbussard
Хохлатый осоед |
ハチクマ
(蜂角鷹 ~ 蜂熊)
hachi-kuma
'bee bear' (written 1. 'bee horned hawk' or 2. 'bee bear') |
|
凤头蜂鹰
(鳳頭蜂鷹)
fèng-tóu fēng-yīng
'phoenix-headed bee-hawk'
|
(东方蜂鹰)
東方蜂鷹
dōngfāng fēng-yīng
'eastern bee-hawk'
(鵰头鹰)
鵰頭鷹
diāo-tóu-yīng
'eagle-headed hawk' (former official name) |
八角鹰
(八角鷹)
bā-jiǎo-yīng
'eight-horned hawk'
蜜鹰
(蜜鷹)
mì-yīng
'honey hawk'
蜂鹰
(蜂鷹)
fēng-yīng
'bee-hawk'
蜜鵟
(蜂鵟)
mì-kuáng
'honey buzzard' |
벌매
beol-mae
'bee-hawk' |
| Milvus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Milvus migrans
|
Black kite
Milan noir
Schwarzmilan
Коршун черный |
トビ
(鳶)
tobi
'kite' |
トンビ
(鳶)
tonbi
'kite' |
黑鸢
(黑鳶)
hēi yuān
'black kite'
or
鸢
(鳶)
yuān
'kite' (Alternative in , )
|
(黑鸢)
黑鳶
hēi yuān
'black kite'
(老鹰)
老鷹
lǎo-yīng
'old hawk' (former official name)
 Taxonomy |
老鸢
(老鳶)
lǎo yuān
'old kite' (south)
鹞鹰
(鷂鷹)
yào-yīng
'sparrowhawk hawk' (inf) (also means 'sparrow hawk', 'goshawk')
额力也
(額力也)
élìyě
eliye (from Mongolian элээ)
(regional - northeast) |
솔개
solgae
'solgae'
Taxonomy |
| Haliaeetus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Haliaeetus albicilla
|
White-tailed sea eagle
White-tailed eagle
Pygargue à queue blanche
Seeadler
Орлан-долгохвост |
オジロワシ
(尾白鷲)
o-jiro washi
'white-tailed eagle' |
|
白尾海鵰
(白尾海鵰)
bái-wěi hǎi-diāo
'white-tailed sea-eagle'
|
(白尾海鵰)
白尾海鵰
bái-wěi hǎi-diāo
'white-tailed sea-eagle'
(白尾鷲)
白尾鷲
bái-wěi jiù
'white-tailed eagle/vulture' (former official name) |
白尾鵰
(白尾鵰)
bái-wěi diāo
'white-tailed eagle'
洁白鵰
(潔白鵰)
jié-bái diāo
'pure/clean white eagle' (also Golden Eagle)
芝麻鵰
(芝麻鵰)
zhīmá diāo
'sesame eagle' |
흰꼬리수리
huin-kkori-suri
'white-tailed eagle' |
Haliaeetus pelagicus
|
Steller's sea eagle
Steller's sea-eagle
Kamchatkan sea eagle
Pygargue empereur
Riesenseeadler,
Meeradler
Белоплечий орлан
|
オオワシ
(大鷲)
ō-washi
'large eagle' |
|
虎头海鵰
(虎頭海鵰)
hǔ-tóu hǎi-diāo
'tiger-headed sea-eagle' |
|
虎头鵰
(虎頭鵰)
hǔ-tóu diāo
'tiger-headed eagle' |
참수리
cham-suri
'true eagle' |
| Aegypius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Aegypius monachus
|
Cinereous vulture
Monk vulture
Black vulture
Vautour moine
Mönchsgeier
Черный гриф,
Бурый гриф |
クロハゲワシ
(黒禿鷲)
kuro hage-washi
'black bald-eagle' |
|
秃鹫
(禿鷲)
tū-jiù
'bald-vulture' (鹫 is traditionally used for both eagles and vultures)
|
(秃鹫)
禿鷲
tū-jiù
'bald-vulture' |
狗头鵰
(狗頭鵰)
gǒu-tóu-diāo
'dog-headed eagle'
坐山鵰
(坐山雕)
zuò-shān-diāo
'sit mountain eagle' |
독수리
dok-suri
'dok eagle' (meaning of dok unclear) |
| Spilornis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Spilornis cheela
|
Crested serpent eagle
Crested serpent-eagle
Serpentaire bacha
Schlangenweihe
Большой хохлатый змееяд,
Хохлатый змееяд |
カンムリワシ
(冠鷲)
kanmuri washi
'crested eagle' |
|
蛇鵰
(蛇鵰)
shé-diāo
'snake-eagle'
|
(大冠鹫)
大冠鷲
dà guān-jiù
'large crested eagle/vulture' |
凤头蛇鵰
(鳳頭蛇鵰)
fèng-tóu shé-diāo
'phoenix-headed snake-eagle'
凤头捕蛇鵰
(鳳頭捕蛇鵰)
fèng-tóu bǔ-shé-diāo
'phoenix-headed catch-snake-eagle'
横髻山鵰
(橫髻山鵰)
héng-jì shān-diāo
'cross hair-bun mountain eagle'
白腹蛇鵰
bái-fù shé-diāo
'white-bellied snake-eagle'
麻鹰
(麻鷹)
má yīng
'hemp hawk' |
관수리
gwan-suri
'crested eagle' |
|
